The invention discloses an earth pressure balance shield speedy tunneling construction method for a high water enrichment round gravel stratum. An existing tunnel, an upper tunnel and a lower tunnel are involved in the earth pressure balance shield speedy tunneling construction method, and the upper tunnel and the lower tunnel pass underneath the existing tunnel. The earth pressure balance shieldspeedy tunneling construction method comprises the following steps of: firstly carrying out tunneling construction on the lower tunnel, then carrying out deep-hole grouting treatment in holes of the upper half of the lower tunnel, carrying out tunneling construction on the upper tunnel, and finally carrying out deep-hole grouting treatment in holes of the upper half and lower half of the upper tunnel. By reasonably designing the construction sequence of the upper and lower overlapping tunnels passing underneath the existing tunnel, the settlement of the tunneling construction is effectively controlled within 6.5mm while the tunnels passing underneath subway lines in an upper and lower overlapping manner are subjected to quick and efficient tunneling construction, so that the existing tunnel of the high water enrichment round gravel stratum is not affected by the earth pressure balance shield tunneling construction of the tunnels passing underneath.