The invention discloses a data-analysis-based real-time shield construction grouting consumption calculation method. The method comprises the steps: step one, calibrating the volume of concrete groutaccording to the height of the concrete grout in a grouting barrel; step two, collecting height data of the concrete grout in the grouting barrel and drawing a height change curve of the concrete grout; step three, collecting current state parameters of a shield tunneling machine; step four, acquiring the number of a current grouting ring pipe; step five, calculating a real-time grouting consumption amount of the current grouting ring pipe; step six, determining whether current tunneling ring pipe number skips or not; and step seven, outputting a grouting consumption amount of a previous grouting ring pipe till ending of shield construction grouting. According to the invention, with the concrete grout volume calibration mode, the grouting consumption of each pipe segment for shield construction is measured accurately; data of the liquid level distance of the grouting barrel are collected and a time series data stream is formed; a smooth curve is fitted at a cloud data management platform; and whether the number of the current tunneling ring pipe skips or not is determined to calculate the real-time grouting consumption amount of each pipe segment.