The invention relates to the technical field of molecular biology and plant molecular breeding and in particular relates to homozygous SNP (single nucleotide polymorphism) molecular markers closely linked with vertical branch characters of Prunus mume Sieb. et Zucc. and a detection method and application of the homozygous SNP molecular markers. The invention provides two homozygous SNP molecular markers which are closely linked with the vertical branch characters of Prunus mume Sieb. et Zucc., the two molecular markers are respectively at 10245464bp and 10284630bp of the seventh chromosome ofPrunus mume Sieb. et Zucc., and the polymorphisms are respectively G/A and G/T. The two molecular markers are both of homozygous genotypes in individuals with vertical branch/horizontal branch characters, are good in repeatability and accuracy in identifying vertical branch/horizontal branch characters of filial generation separation groups of Prunus mume Sieb. et Zucc., are capable of achieving molecular-assisted selection of vertical branch/horizontal branch characters at a seedling stage, and contribute to breeding cycle shortening and breeding efficiency improvement. On the basis of the SNP molecular markers, the invention further provides a Prunus mume Sieb. et Zucc. vertical branch character regulation and control gene Pm024074, and a basis is made for regulation and control and genetic breeding of vertical branch characters of Prunus mume Sieb. et Zucc.