A room-temperature-curable silicone rubber composition which exhibits good adhesion to a substrate contacted during curing and which forms a silicone rubber cured product that can be efficiently peeled is disclosed. The room-temperature-curable silicone rubber composition comprises: (A) an organopolysiloxane having in each molecule at least two specified alkoxysilyl-containing groups on silicon atoms in the molecular chain, (B) a diorganodialkoxysilane or partially hydrolyzed condensate thereof, and (C) a condensation-reaction catalyst.