Provided is a method of producing a β-sialon fluorescent material having a high light emission intensity and an excellent light emission luminance. The method includes preparing a calcined product having a composition of β-sialon containing an activating element; grinding the calcined product to obtain a ground product; and heat-treating the ground product to obtain a heat-treated product. A specific surface area of the ground product is 0.2 m2/g or more.