A vehicle battery protection structure includes a vehicle frame member, a first duct, and a second duct. The vehicle frame member is disposed in a region including a battery. The vehicle frame member has a through hole. The battery is mountable on a vehicle. The first duct is disposed on an outside of the battery at a location oriented toward an outside of the vehicle. The second duct is inserted through the through hole of the vehicle frame member. The second duct is disposed to overlap the first duct in a vertical direction of the first duct on the outside of the battery at the location oriented toward the outside of the vehicle.