Provided is a composition for polishing a titanium alloy material, which enables polishing of a titanium alloy material at a high polishing speed and can provide a polished titanium alloy material having excellent surface smoothness and having a highly glossy surface after polishing.The composition for polishing a titanium alloy material is a composition that is intended for polishing a titanium alloy material and comprises a compound having a function of dissolving at least one metal element other than titanium, which exists at a content of more than 0.5% by mass with respect to the total mass of the titanium alloy material, at a higher degree of solubility than that of titanium; and abrasive grains.