Provided is a vaccine composition for preventing respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection, which is in the form of a liposome formulation including a RSV antigen, monophosphoryl lipid A (MLA), and/or a cobalt-porphyrin-phospholipid (CoPoP) conjugate. The vaccine composition exhibits excellent vaccine efficacy from a RSV antigen with enhanced immunogenicity and a combination of immune adjuvants for enhancing immune activity and antigen presentation.