摘要:
A catalyst composition comprises a self-bound zeolite and a Group 12 transition metal selected from the group consisting of Zn, Cd, or a combination thereof, the zeolite having a silicon to aluminum ratio of at least about 10, the catalyst composition having a micropore surface area of at least about 340 m2/g, a molar ratio of Group 12 transition metal to aluminum of about 0.1 to about 1.3, and at least one of: (a) a mesoporosity of greater than about 20 m2/g; (b) a diffusivity for 2,2-dimethylbutane of greater than about 1×10−2 sec−1 when measured at a temperature of about 120° C. and a 2,2-dimethylbutane pressure of about 60 torr (about 8 kPa).
摘要:
An HF olefin/isoparaffin alkylation process is carried out in an alkylation unit with a settling vessel in which the alkylate product is separated from the HF acid catalyst containing water and acid soluble oil (ASO). The density of the liquids in the settling vessel is measured at different levels by means of a nuclear density profile analyzer. The acid strength of the acid phase is determined from the density measurement and an optional temperature measurement. The proportion of water in the acid phase may also be measured separately by measurement of its electrical conductivity to determine the respective contributions of the water and the ASO to the density of the HF acid phase.
摘要:
A method for the reduction of corrosion in a treatment unit acid used for separating hydrogen sulfide from and acid gas stream using an alkaline absoiption solution. Ions comprising the S2- and/or HS- ions formed by the absorption of the hydrogen sulfide in the absorbent solution are subjected to in situ electrochemical oxidization to form polysuifide ions which form a protective coating on the surfaces of the unit.
摘要:
Methods are provided for dewaxing a distillate fuel boiling range feed to improve one or more cold flow properties of the distillate fuel feed, such as cloud point, where the distillate fuel feed is fractionated to produce both a jet fuel product and an arctic diesel fuel product. The decrease of cloud point is achieved by using a feedstock having a concentration of nitrogen of less than about 50 wppm and a concentration of sulfur of less than about 15 wppm. Further, the dewaxing catalyst may have a reduced content of hydrogenation metals, such as a content of Pt or Pd of from about 0.05 wt % to about 0.35 wt %. A distillate fuel feed can be dewaxed to achieve a desired cloud point differential using a reduced metals content dewaxing catalyst under the same or similar conditions to those required for a dewaxing catalyst with higher metals content.
摘要:
In various aspects, methods and systems are provided for monitoring catalyst bed levels using multiple sensors that are temporarily installed in a reactor during catalyst loading. The multiple sensors are able to take distance measurements at substantially the same time and at predetermined time intervals so as to provide a catalyst time profile. The catalyst time profile allows an operator monitor catalyst levels during and after catalyst loading. Once catalyst loading is completed, the multiple sensors are removed from the reactor.
摘要:
In various aspects, systems and methods are provided for operating a solid oxide fuel cell at conditions that can improve or optimize the combined electrical efficiency and chemical efficiency of the fuel cell. Instead of selecting conventional conditions for maximizing the electrical efficiency of a fuel cell, the operating conditions can allow for output of excess synthesis gas and/or hydrogen in the anode exhaust of the fuel cell. The synthesis gas and/or hydrogen can then be used in a variety of applications, including chemical synthesis processes and collection of hydrogen for use as a fuel.
摘要:
In various aspects, a method for producing electricity by operating two or more turbines in series is provided. The method can include introducing, at least part of, the exhaust from an upstream turbine into a combustion chamber of a downstream turbine. In one aspect, exhaust from the upstream turbine is introduced into the downstream turbine's combustion chamber via the downstream turbine's compression chamber.
摘要:
A method for improving varnish control in a mechanical device requiring hydraulic fluids, turbine oils, industrial fluids, circulating oils, or combinations thereof. The method involves supplying the mechanical device with a lubricating composition including a Group III lubricating oil base stock. The Group III lubricating oil base stock has a viscosity from 3.8 to 8.5 mm 2 /s at 100°C, a viscosity index greater than 120, a sulfur content less than 0.0003 weight percent, and an aromatic hydrocarbon content less than 0.2 weight percent, based on the total weight of the Group III lubricating oil base stock. Varnish reduction properties are improved as compared to varnish reduction properties achieved using a lubricating composition containing a different Group III lubricating oil base stock. The disclosure also provides lubricating compositions used in the method.