摘要:
A method and formulations for treatment of wastewater by combination of a flocculant and surfactant are described herein. The co-addition of the flocculant with an anionic, cationic or non-ionic surfactant produces improved separation of contaminants from wastewater to yield pure or highly pure water. An optimal ratio between the flocculant and the surfactant applied allows for reduction of the amount of flocculant required to treat the wastewater.
摘要:
A complex comprising a charged species, a polymer comprising ionisable groups, and an ionic surfactant, wherein the charged species is a positively charged species and the ionic surfactant is an anionic surfactant, or the charged species is a negatively charged species and the ionic surfactant is a cationic surfactant. The charged species may comprise a metal such as cadmium, chromium, copper, magnesium, nickel, arsenic, lead, mercury, selenium, silver or zinc. The anionic surfactant may comprise an anionic functional group selected from sulphate, sulphonate, phosphate, phosphonate and carboxylate. The cationic surfactant may comprise a cationic functional group selected from a quaternary ammonium or a cationic nitrogen containing group. The polymer comprising ionisable groups may be selected from the group of polyethyleneimine (PEI), polydiallyldimethylammonium chloride (PolyDADMAC) or polystyrene sulphonate (PSS). A process comprising treating a solution with an ionic surfactant and a polymer comprising ionisable groups, wherein the solution comprises a charged species, to form a complex as claimed is also provided. Application of such treatment to the removal of heavy metal ions from aqueous effluents is also provided; such removal can be achieved via filtration of the complex from the effluent.
摘要:
A method of optimising the filter action of a filtering means in an aqueous containing liquid system in which the aqueous containing liquid system passes through an in-line mechanical filter means is characterised by introducing an additive formulation comprising a soluble polyelectrolyte dispersant into the aqueous containing liquid system. Unlike a conventional cleaner, the additive formulation is not flushed from the system by draining the circuit and then replacing the system water, but remains in the system to effect removal by an in-line filter of the particulate debris upon which it has acted. Further, in remaining in the system, the additive formulation will disperse and suspend any solid particulate matter subsequently formed (e.g. by corrosion) or introduced into the system to allow effective capture by the filter.
摘要:
A method for inhibiting silica scale formation in an aqueous system by adding an amine-terminated polyoxyalkylene anti-scalant to the water used in the aqueous system.
摘要:
Methods and compositions for dispersing a biofilm in an aqueous stream using fatty acids are disclosed. The fatty acids may have the formula: R 1 -R 5 -CH 3 wherein R 1 is an aryl or arylalkyl, -COR 2 , -COOR 2 , or -CONR 3 R 4 , -PO 3 (R 2 ) 3 ; R 2 is H, an alkyl, an aryl or arylalkyl, or a halide; R 3 and R 4 may be the same or different and are H, a hydroxyl, an alkyl, an aryl or arylalkyl, a halide, or a sulfo (sulfonic acid group); R 5 is an aliphatic chain having 2-30 carbon atoms and at least one double bond; and wherein when R 1 is -COOH and R 5 has eight carbon atoms and the FA has only one double bond, such double bond is not on the number 2 carbon.
摘要:
A solid composition for treating cooling or heated water systems to remove scale, microorganisms and biofilm, and corrosion by-products. The composition for cooling towers and chilled water systems comprises chelating agents and an anionic surfactant. The composition for boilers and heated water systems comprises a sulfite, neutralizing amines, sodium phosphate, and, optionally, a polymethacrylate or polyacrylate polymer. A method for using such a treatment composition comprises contacting the treatment composition with substantially all parts of the water system.
摘要:
The present invention relates to a method of treating aqueous fluid and apparatus therefor. The method comprises adding an organic compound to a mass of aqueous fluid comprising at least one Kinetic Hydrate Inhibitor (KHI). The organic compound comprises a hydrophobic tail and a hydrophilic head. The hydrophobic tail comprises at least one C-H bond and the hydrophilic head comprises a carboxyl (-COOH) group.
摘要:
A method for treating an oil-containing aqueous mixture comprising the step of passing the mixture (1) through a media (6) comprising a bead-form cation exchange resin combined with a cationic surfactant, wherein the resin includes a sulfonated crosslinked copolymer matrix having a rough surface characterized by having a frequency of at least 5 peaks and valleys per sample surface area (283 um×212 um), where the difference between the average height of the 5 highest peaks and the 5 lowest valleys is at least 6 μm.