摘要:
System and method for calibrating a time constant R0Ci of an integrated electronic current-feedback continuous-time delta sigma analog/digital converter (modulator) having a variable-impedance filter coupled to input of the modulator, an analog input signal Vin of fixed frequency applied to the variable-impedance filter, wherein the analog input signal Vin attenuation engendered by the variable-impedance filter is measured, and the value of a time constant R0Ci in the modulator and value of the impedance of the variable-impedance filter are modified until an attenuation corresponding to the desired attenuation for the integrated electronic circuit modulator is obtained.
摘要:
An RF attenuator circuit comprising: at least a first voltage-variable resistive device connected between input and output nodes of the circuit to convey an RF signal along a signal path between the input and output nodes; at least a second voltage-variable resistive device connected between the signal path and ground; a differential amplifier having one input connected to means for supplying a reference voltage, another input coupled to the input node, and an output connected to the control voltage input of one of the voltage-variable resistive devices; an attenuator control voltage node connected to the control voltage input of the other voltage-variable resistive device; a predetermined impedance matching the expected output load impedance of the attenuator and connected between the output node and ground; and a constant current source connected to supply a constant current to the input node; the reference voltage being the constant current multiplied by the value of the matching impedance; whereby the differential amplifier provides a closed servo loop between the input node and at least one of the voltage-variable resistive devices to cause that device to slew to a resistance that presents the predetermined impedance at the input node, to preserve the voltage standing wave ratio of a signal conveyed through the attenuator circuit when the gain is changed by the attenuator control voltage applied to the attenuator control voltage node.
摘要:
A tuneable filter is provided in whicha received signal in a first frequency rangeis translated to a signal of a higher frequency rangeby means of a switchable frequency oscillator signal, filtered in a narrow band filter and then down-converted, preferably to the first frequency range. The switchable frequency oscillator signals are generated by a synthesiser which operates by mixing oscillator signals of different frequencies, selected by means of fast- switching microwave switches, in order to generate the required range of oscillator signal frequencies.
摘要:
Macroelectronic substrate materials incorporating nanowires are describes. These are used to provide underlying electronic elements (e.g., transistors and the like) for a variety of different applications. Methods for making the macroelectronic substrate materials are disclosed. One application is for transmission an reception of RF signals in small, lightweight sensors. Such sensors can be configured in a distributed sensor network to provide security monitoring. Furthermore, a method and apparatus for a radio frequency identification (RFID) tag is described. The RFID tag includes an antenna and a beam-steering array. The beam-steering array includes a plurality of tunable elements. A method and apparatus for an acoustic cancellation device and for an adjustable phase shifter that are enabled by nanowires are also described.
摘要:
A circuit having: an input matching network, a transistor (14) coupled to an output of the input matching network; and wherein the input matching network (12) has a first input impedance when such input matching network (12) is fed with an input signal having a relatively low power level and wherein the input matching network (12) has an input impedance different from the first input impedance when such input matching network (12) is fed with an input signal having a relatively high power level.
摘要:
An integrated programmable gain amplifier circuit (22), for receiving, at input, an analog signal (S MC ), including an operational amplifier (33) and a gain setup network (NRC IN , NRC F ) including resistive elements (R 1 -R 4 , Rf 1 -Rf n ) and selection elements (S 1 -S n ), which may be controlled in order to setup the gain of said amplifier circuit (22), is described. The gain setup network (NRC IN , NRC F ) further includes capacitive elements (C1-C3, Cf 1 -Cf n ), for defining, together with the resistive elements (R 1 -R 4 ) and the operational amplifier (33), an anti-aliasing filter of the active RC type.
摘要:
A tunable RF filter, comprising: an emitter follower stage (2); and a common emitter stage (4); the common emitter stage (4) providing feedback to the emitter follower stage (2). The common emitter stage (4) may comprise a first transistor (Ti) being the only transistor of the common emitter stage (4); and the emitter follower stage (2) may comprise a second transistor (T2) being the only transistor of the emitter follower stage (2). A further tunable RF filter provides improved linearity, comprising: an emitter follower stage (22); a joint common emitter and emitter follower stage (24); and a gain stage (26); a common emitter output of the joint common emitter and emitter follower stage (24) providing feedback to the emitter follower stage (22), and an emitter follower output of the joint common emitter and emitter follower stage (24) providing an input to the gain stage (26).