摘要:
The invention relates to the determination of the dynamic elastic modulus of a material, such as a mineral binder like cement, mortar, concrete, in particular shotcrete, gypsum, or the like, or a polymer, or ceramic, using sound, preferably ultrasound waves which penetrate the material and are continuously measured and analyzed. In particular, the invention relates to a card for an apparatus, to a measuring device, to an apparatus comprising the card and the measuring device, and to a method for determining the dynamic elastic modulus of a material using the apparatus.
摘要:
A method of forming an adhesive force includes removing a seta from a living specimen, attaching the seta to a substrate, and applying the seta to a surface so as to establish an adhesive force between the substrate and the surface. The seta is applied to the surface with a force perpendicular to the surface. The seta is then pulled with a force parallel to the surface so as to preload the adhesive force of the seta.
摘要:
Test apparatus comprising means for holding a sample to be tested, means for altering the strain in the sample, an optical arrangement for monitoring the sample to be tested, and processing means for processing the signals resulting from the monitoring of the sample under test, wherein the environment between the optical arrangement and the sample under test is controlled, and wherein the sample to be tested is located in a position external to the controlled environment.
摘要:
Rotating type viscometer having a motor (2) for driving a rotating assembly (3) extending through an aperture (4) into a liquid to be tested (1) and measuring the shear forces imparted by said liquid (1) to the rotating assembly (3) . In order to prevent said liquid (1) from leaking through the aperture (4) due to a liquid pressure (p1) at the level of the aperture (4), the viscometer comprises means for creating a counter-pressure (p2) at the level of a gap between the rotating assembly (3) and the aperture (4). Thanks to this counter-pressure (p2), no solid sealing means are required, thereby improving the durability and the robustness of the viscometer, as well as simplifying it by eliminating countermeasures otherwise needed for taking into account parasitic friction forces exerted on the rotating assembly (3) due to such solid sealing means .
摘要:
Zusammenfassend wird mit der Erfindung eine Einrichtung zum Prüfen von Balgfedern (1) unter betriebsähnlichen Belastungsbedingungen zur Verfügung gestellt, die folgendes umfaßt: eine Balgfederhalterung (2) zum Haltern des einen Endes (3) einer Balgfeder (1); eine Einspann- und Führungsvorrichtung (7,10,13) zum Einspannen des anderen Endes (8) der Balgfeder (1) und zum zwangsweisen Führen desselben längs eines mehrfach-nichtlinearen Ein- und Ausfederungswegs; und eine Bewegungsvorrichtung (16) zum Hin- und Herbewegen des anderen Endes des Balgfeder längs des durch die Einspann- und Führungsvorrichtung festgelegten mehrfach-nichtlinearen Ein- und Ausfederungswegs. Diese Einrichtung ist mit besonderem Vorteil zum Prüfen von Luftfedern für Nutzkraftfahrzeuge und Nutzkraftfahrzeuganhänger geeignet.