摘要:
The present invention refers to an indicating device, specially in vehicles and intended for supplying complementary information to the driver of the vehicle, which device is provided with at least one scale (12) or the like for displaying basic information on an index disc (11). The index disc (11) of said device includes indicators (14) arranged in close connection with and in relation to individual indexes of the scale and arranged as individually controllable light sources for indicating complementary information, which is relatable to said scale. Said device is so arranged that the basic information consists of the vehicle speed and the complementary information of a relative speed to a vehicle in front.
摘要:
An optical system for monitoring torsional vibration of a shaft (112) has an optical unit (104) including IRLED radiation sources (208) aimed at grid lines (114) applied around the circumference of the shaft (112). The reflection of the radiation is imaged through lenses (204) and a matching Ronchi grid (218) onto a photodiode (220) which produces a periodic wave signal from which indications of rotational irregularities can be derived. In one embodiment, duplicate optical units (104) are arranged in diametric opposition across the shaft (112) to compensate for pitch and plunge vibration. In another embodiment, a second duplicate optical unit (104) is located at a distance along the shaft from the first unit (104). The output signals of the two units (104) are passed through a comparator (406), an EX-NOR gate (430) and a low-pass filter (432) to produce a signal indicative of torsional deflection. Also disclosed are a method and apparatus for precisely applying finely spaced grid lines (114) to an existing shaft (112) on site.
摘要:
Apparatus is described for measuring torsional displacement between ends 32 and 35 of a hollow rotating shaft 28. Polarised light from the source 12 enters the shaft through apertures 30 and is reflected by a mirror 34 to a retardation plate 38. Plate 38 has a fast axis 42 positioned at an angle A relative to the plane of polarisation 46 of the light when the shaft is positioned with one of the pairs of apertures 30 in alignment with the received light beam 24. The retardation plate produces 0 degree and 90 degree components from the light whose relative intensities depend on any torsional displacement between end 35 of the shaft and end 32. The components are reflected by a mirror 40 and a mirror 34 to a beam splitter 20. A polarisation splitter 54 separates the 0 degree and 90 degree components which are respectively detected by detectors 58 and 62 and their relative intensities measured to determine the torsional displacement.
摘要:
Some embodiments of the present invention provide a system that adaptively charges a battery, wherein the battery is a lithium-ion battery which includes a transport-limiting electrode governed by diffusion, an electrolyte separator and a non-transport-limiting electrode. During operation, the system determines a lithium surface concentration at an interface between the transport-limiting electrode and the electrolyte separator based on a diffusion time for lithium in the transport-limiting electrode. Next, the system calculates a charging current or a charging voltage for the battery based on the determined lithium surface concentration. Finally, the system applies the charging current or the charging voltage to the battery.
摘要:
Es wird eine Mess- und Auswerteeinrichtung zur Erfassung und Auswertung der Drehbewegung des Nebenantriebs (24) eines Arbeitsfahrzeugs beschrieben, welche einen Nebenantriebssensor (32) zur Erfassung der Nebenantriebsdrehbewegung und eine Auswerteeinrichtung (34) enthält. Die Auswerteeinrichtung (34) ermittelt die Intensität der zweiten Harmonischen des Sensorsignals und gibt bei Überschreiten und/oder Unterschreiten eines vorgebbaren Schwellwertes entsprechende Steuersignale aus. Eine derartige Mess- und Auswerteeinrichtung wird bevorzugt bei einem Arbeitsfahrzeug angewandt, welches einen Antriebsmotor (10), ein Getriebe für den Fahrantrieb und mindestens einen Nebenantrieb (24), an den wahlweise ein Arbeitsgerät anschließbar ist, aufweist. Die Leistung des Antriebsmotors (10) wird zu einem ersten Teil auf den Fahrantrieb und zu einem zweiten Teil auf die Nebenantriebe (24) verzweigt. Wenn die Auswerteeinrichtung (34) feststellt, dass die zweite Harmonische der Sensorsignale den Schwellwert übersteigt, lässt sie eine erhöhte Antriebsleistung des Antriebsmotors (10) zu.