Abstract:
A heat transfer fluid can be used as part of a multi-phase adsorption environment to allow for improved separations of gas components using a solid adsorbent. The heat transfer fluid can reduce or minimize the temperature increase of the solid adsorbent that occurs during an adsorption cycle. Reducing or minimizing such a temperature increase can enhance the working capacity for an adsorbent and/or enable the use of adsorbents that are not practical for commercial scale adsorption using conventional adsorption methods. The multi-phase adsorption environment can correspond to a trickle bed environment, a slurry environment, or another convenient environment where at least a partial liquid phase of a heat transfer fluid is present during gas adsorption by a solid adsorbent.
Abstract:
A catalyst composition comprises a self-bound zeolite and a Group 12 transition metal selected from the group consisting of Zn, Cd, or a combination thereof, the zeolite having a silicon to aluminum ratio of at least about 10, the catalyst composition having a micropore surface area of at least about 340 m2/g, a molar ratio of Group 12 transition metal to aluminum of about 0.1 to about 1.3, and at least one of: (a) a mesoporosity of greater than about 20 m2/g; (b) a diffusivity for 2,2-dimethylbutane of greater than about 1×10−2 sec−1 when measured at a temperature of about 120° C. and a 2,2-dimethylbutane pressure of about 60 torr (about 8 kPa).
Abstract:
A process for hydroprocessing middle distillate petroleum streams in two temperature stages is disclosed. The feedstream (11) is hydroprocessed in two or more first temperature stages operated at a temperature from about 360 to about 450 degrees celsius. The reaction product (13) of the first temperature stage(s) is quenched to a temperature from about 260 to about 350 degrees celsius, stripped of hydrogen sulfide, ammonia and other dissolved gases to form a reaction product (17) which is sent to a second temperature stage which is operated at said quenched temperature range. The product from the second temperature stage is also stripped of dissolved gases in a stripping zone (16b). Color bodies produced in the higher temperature first stage are hydrogenated in the last stage.
Abstract:
A hydroprocessing process for removing impurities from a feed (30) comprising a hydrocarbonaceous liquid comprises at least one cocurrent, upflow hydroprocessing reaction stage (18), a vapor-liquid contacting stage (20) and a downflow hydroprocessing reaction stage (12). The feed and hydrogen react in the upflow stage (18) to produce a partially hydroprocessed liquid and vapor effluent. The vapor contacts a hydrocarbonaceous liquid in the contacting stage (20), which transfers impurities from the vapor into the liquid. The impurities-enriched contacting liquid mixes with the upflow stage liquid effluent and the combined liquid effluents react with hydrogen in the downflow reaction stage, to form a hydroprocessed product liquid and vapor effluent. Additional product liquid is recovered by cooling and condensing either or both the contacting and downflow stage vapor effluents.
Abstract:
A diesel fraction is purified by a process having two reaction stages represented by (14) and (18) and a stripping stage in a single vessel. Heteroatoms are removed in the first stage (14), to permit the use of a sulfur sensitive aromatics saturation catalyst in the second stage, to produce a purified diesel stock. The first stage liquid effluent is stripped in a stripping stage and then passed into the second reaction stage (18), in which it reacts with fresh hydrogen for aromatics removal. The second reaction stage (18) produces a hydrogen-rich vapor effluent, which may provide all or a portion of the first stage (18). The diesel feed for the process may be one that has been at least partially refined with respect to either or both heteroatom or aromatics removal.
Abstract:
Fischer-Tropsch synthesized hydrocarbons comprising both a 500-750°F+ heavy fraction and a 500-750°F -light fraction are separately hydroisomerized by a single-stage, two-zone hydroisomerization process, in which at least a portion of the light fraction is hydroisomerized in the first zone, with the total first zone effluent containing unreacted hydrogen and a light hydroisomerate. The first zone effluent and the heavy fraction are passed into the second zone to form a second zone effluent comprising the hydroisomerized product. The product is fractionated into a plurality of product fractions, including a distillate fuels fraction containing a jet fuel fraction. The hydrogen treat gas is used to separate a portion of the light fraction from the heavy fraction, prior to the hydroisomerization.
Abstract:
A hydroprocessing process for removing impurities from a feed (22) comprising a hydrocarbonaceous liquid comprises at least two cocurrent, upflow hydroprocessing reaction stages (14, 16) and a non-catalytic, vapor-liquid contacting stage (20). The reaction and contacting stages may all be in the same reactor vessel (12). The feed and a hydrogen treat gas (24) are passed up into a catalyst bed which comprises the first reaction stage, which produces a partially hydroprocessed liquid and vapor effluent. This first stage vapor is passed up into the contacting stage (20) in which it contacts a hydrocarbonaceous liquid which reduces the vapor impurity content. The impurity-enriched contacting liquid passes down and mixes with the first stage liquid effluent. The combined effluents and hydrogen are passed up into the second reaction stage to form a processed product liquid and hydrogen-containing vapor effluent. This second stage vapor effluent is passed up into the first stage to provide at least a portion of the hydrogen for the first stage reaction. Additional product liquid may be recovered by cooling and condensing the purified contacting stage vapor effluent.
Abstract:
A three stage hydroprocessing process includes two liquid and one vapor reaction stages, both of which produce an effluent comprising liquid and vapor. Both vapor effluents comprise vaporized hydrocarbonaceous material. Fresh hydrogen is used for the hydroprocessing in both liquid stages. The second stage liquid effluent comprises the product liquid. The first stage liquid effluent is the feed for the second stage. The first stage vapor effluent is hydroprocessed in the vapor stage and then cooled to condense and recover at least a portion of the processed vapor as additional product liquid.
Abstract:
A three stage hydroprocessing process includes two liquid and one vapor reaction stages, with a hydrogen containing vapor effluent produced in both liquid stages. The second liquid stage vapor effluent comprises part of the first liquid stage feed and the first liquid stage vapor effluent is the feed for the vapor stage. At least a portion of the hydrogen for the first liquid stage and vapor stage reactions is respectively provided by the hydrogen in the second and first liquid stage vapor effluents.
Abstract:
A hydroprocessing process is disclosed which includes two hydroprocessing reaction stages represented by vessels (12) and (14), both of which produce a liquid and vapor effluent represented by lines (42) and (54), and a liquid vapor contacting stage. The first vapor effluent contains impurities, such as heteroatom compounds, which are removed from the vapor by contact with processed liquid effluent derived from one or both reaction stages in contact vessel (20) and optionally also liquid recovered from processed vapor. The first and contact stage liquid effluents are passed into the second stage vessel (14) to finish the hydroprocessing. The contact and second stage vapor effluents are cooled to recover additional hydroprocessed product liquid in lines (58) and (64).