摘要:
Security documents (e.g. passports, currency, event tickets, and the like) are encoded to convey machine-readable multi-bit binary information (e.g. digital watermark), usually in a manner not alerting human viewers that such information is present. The documents can be provided with overt or subliminal calibration patterns. When a document incorporating such a pattern is scanned (e.g. by a photocopier), the pattern facilitates detection of the encoded information notwithstanding possible sealing or rotation of the scan data. The calibration pattern can serve as a carrier for the watermark information, or the watermark can be encoded independently. In one embodiment, the watermark and the calibration pattern are formed on the document by an intaglio process, with or without ink. A photocopier responsive to such markings can take predetermined action if reproduction of a security document is attempted. A passport processing station responsive to such markings can use the decoded binary data to access a database having information concerning the passport holder. Some such apparatuses detect both the watermark data and the presence of a visible structure characteristic of a security document (e.g., a printed seal of the document's issuer).
摘要:
In a one-surface coated papermaking belt composed of a base layer and a thick resin layer, or a covered, one-surface coated papermaking belt composed of thin and thick resin layers on opposite sides of a base layer, curling of the edges of the belt due to shrinkage of the thick resin layer is reduced by forming the opposite side edge parts of the thick resin layer thinner than the middle part. The reduction in curling results in improved oil removal especially in a shoe-press belt. It also stabilises turning of the belt and facilitates belt installation.
摘要:
A semiconductor device or integrated circuit has high and low resistive contacts. Mobility spoiling species such as carbon or oxygen are implanted into all contacts. The high resistive contacts are covered with a barrier metal to protect suicide from chemical interaction with the interconnect metalization (aluminum) in the low-resistance contacts. Selective suicide formation converts some of the contacts back to low-resistance contacts.
摘要:
A semiconductor device includes a laterally extending semiconductor base (82, 96), a buffer (83) adjacent the base and having a first conductivity type dopant, and a laterally extending emitter (85) adjacent the buffer and opposite the base and having a second conductivity type dopant. The buffer (83) is thin and has a fist conductivity type dopant concentration greater than a second conductivity type dopant concentration in adjacent emitter portions to provide a negative temperature coefficient for current gain and a positive temperature coefficient for forward voltage for the device. The buffer may be silicon or germanium. A low temperature bonded interface (103) may be between the emitter and the buffer or the buffer and the base. Another embodiment of a device may include a laterally extending localized lifetime killing portion (92, 102) between oppositely doped first and second laterally extending portions. The localized lifetime killing portion may comprise a plurality of laterally confined and laterally space apart lifetime killing regions. Another device may include one or more PN junctions.
摘要:
Apparatus and methods are disclosed for increasing the throughput of a charged-particle-beam exposure apparatus while maintaining alignment and exposure accuracy. The apparatus comprises a main chamber where exposure of sensitive substrates is performed using a charged-particle beam. At least one transport system moves and prepares the sensitive substrates for exposure in the main chamber. The transport system comprises at least one chamber. An evacuation device and a venting device are used to vary the pressure in the chambers as required. At least one switching valve is situated between the main chamber and a chamber in the transport system to isolate these chambers from one another. A flexible conduit connects the main chamber to the transport system. The apparatus and methods have especial utility for the processing of sub-micron level semiconductors.
摘要:
To obtain a grinding & polishing tool for diamond and a method for polishing diamond in which a single crystal diamond, a diamond thin film, a sintered diamond compact and the like can be polished at low temperatures without causing cracks, fractures or degradation in quality therein, in addition, in which polishing operation becomes easier, polishing quality becomes stable and polishing costs become lowered while maintaining a stable performance of grinder. The grinder and the method satisfying the above requirements are: a grinding & polishing tool for diamond of which main component is an intermetallic compound consisting of one kind or more of elements selected from the group of Al, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Ru, Rh, Pd, Os, Ir and Pt and one kind or more of elements selected from the group of Ti, V, Zr, Nb, Mo, Hf, Ta and W; and a method for polishing diamond in which diamond is polished by pushing the above grinder against the diamond rotating or moving relative thereto while keeping the portion subjected to polishing at room temperature or, according to the situations, heating the same at 100 - 800°C.
摘要:
Video coding efficiency for high motion scenes is improved by adaptively disabling a parameter indicating whether texture and motion data is coded for a macroblock. The COD parameter is disabled when the number of macroblocks with substantially all zero motion and texture data is less than a threshold number. This reduces the number of bits required to code an interframe video image in a video sequence with high motion and large changes from frame to frame. The coded block pattern for chrominance is also used to determine how to perform entropy coding for the coded block pattern for luminance. In interframe blocks, if the chrominance blocks are coded, it is likely that the luminance blocks will be coded as well. The coded block pattern for chrominance, therefore, is used to select the appropriate entropy coding table for the coded block pattern for luminance.
摘要:
A paper-making press felt (1) includes a base member (2) and at least one butt layer (3) laminated on the base member (2), and is characterized in that the base member (2) is made of a plurality of ground fabrics, and in that, of the plurality of ground fabrics, a second ground fabric (B) arranged next to a first ground fabric (A) arranged nearest to a surface (4) on which a wet paper sheet is placed has a structure whose density is higher than or whose air permeability is lower than that of the first ground fabric (A), and can regulate water from moving from the second ground fabric (B) to the first ground fabric (A) and hence can prevent a re-wetting phenomenon effectively.
摘要:
An antenna system is provided for receiving horizontal and vertical components of a transmitted RF signal and for minimizing the magnitude of one of the components prior to application to an RF utilization means, such as a TV receiver. The system includes a vertical antenna for primarily receiving the vertical components of the RF signal. A horizontal antenna serves to primarily receive the horizontal components of the RF signal. An adjustable time delay serves to adjust the time delay between the vertical and horizontal components. A combiner combines the components to obtain therefrom a combined RF signal for application to the RF utilization means.
摘要:
A primary support for a tunnel roof comprising elongated lagging members which are "extruded" from tubes forming a shield for a tunnel boring machine. The lagging is inserted into the tubes at different times so as to avoid having the ends of adjacent lagging members coincide. As the tunneling machine progresses in the direction of boring, the lagging members emerge from the shield tubes to form a primary tunnel roof lining. Ring beams or arc beams may be installed as required by means of rock bolts or other fastening means.