Abstract:
Use of a liquid fuel composition in a spark ignition internal combustion engine for providing an improvement in CO2 emissions, wherein the liquid fuel composition has a final boiling point of less than 200° C, and wherein the spark ignition internal combustion engine is comprised within the powertrain of a hybrid electric vehicle.
Abstract:
Combustion charge compositions comprised of a gasoline-like fuel and air for use in spark ignited internal combustion engines and methods to reduce global warming are described.
Abstract:
Problem A detergent friction modifying agent having both a detergent performance that ameliorates and prevents degradation over time that is caused by deposits in the engine, and a friction reducing effect that lowers frictional resistance in the engine; a fuel additive that improves drivability with a good balance over the entire range of engine speeds, and provides engine characteristics such that, over the entire range of driving speeds, the engine-braking characteristics are such that the feeling of free running will be strongly produced, such that a fuel consumption improvement effect is produced in actual vehicles that is greater than the values produced on the test bench, and which also has storage stability; and a fuel composition containing the same. Solution The present invention is characterized by containing a polyetheramine carboxylic acid salt; the fuel additive of the present invention is added to fuel at 0.5 wt% or less.
Abstract:
The present invention relates to a method for reducing the content of sulphide-type compounds of formula R1‑S‑R2, with R1 and R2 selected from methyl (CH 3 ) and ethyl (C 2 H 5 ) radicals, of a petrol containing diolefins, monoolefins and sulphur, in which: A) brought into contact in a reactor are the petrol as a mixture with a portion of the light petrol cut recycled from step C) and hydrogen and with a catalyst A comprising at least one metal from group VIb and at least one non-noble metal from group VIII which are deposited on a support, so as to produce an effluent having a content of diolefins and a content of sulphide-type compounds of formula R1‑S‑R2, with R1 and R2 selected from methyl (CH 3 ) and ethyl (C 2 H 5 ) radicals that are lower than that of the initial petrol; B) the effluent resulting from step A) is sent to a fractionating column in order to separate at the top a light petrol cut containing hydrocarbons having less than 6 carbon atoms per molecule and at the bottom of the column a heavy petrol cut containing hydrocarbons having 6 and more than 6 carbon atoms per molecule; C) a portion of the light petrol cut resulting from step B) is recycled in the reactor of step A) with a recycle ratio of between 0.1 and 0.7.
Abstract:
Problem A detergent friction modifying agent having both a detergent performance that ameliorates and prevents degradation over time that is caused by deposits in the engine, and a friction reducing effect that lowers frictional resistance in the engine; a fuel additive that improves drivability with a good balance over the entire range of engine speeds, and provides engine characteristics such that, over the entire range of driving speeds, the engine-braking characteristics are such that the feeling of free running will be strongly produced, such that a fuel consumption improvement effect is produced in actual vehicles that is greater than the values produced on the test bench, and which also has storage stability; and a fuel composition containing the same. Solution The present invention is characterized by containing a polyetheramine carboxylic acid salt; the fuel additive of the present invention is added to fuel at 0.5 wt% or less.
Abstract:
The present invention describes a process for the isomerization of a light naphtha with a view to forming high octane number petrols, said process using a deisopentanizer and a deisohexanizer that are thermally integrated so as to reduce the high thermal level utilities consumption of the process.
Abstract:
The present invention provides an unleaded, piston engine fuel formulation comprising a blend of mesitylene, pseudocumene and isopentane having a MON of at least 94 and an RVP of 38 to 49 kPa at 37.8° C. In certain aspects, the formulation comprises specific weight percentages of each of the mesitylene, pseudocumene and isopentane components, and varying MON ratings. In additional aspects, the formulations comprise a combination of mesitylene, isopentane, and one or more additional components selected from the group consisting of pseudocumene, toluene and xylenes. In certain embodiments, the formulations also include alkylates and or alkanes. The formulations have unusually high MON ratings, and desirable RVP and distillation curve characteristics for formulations not including additional components, particularly octane boosters.