摘要:
A method of providing a model which provides air/fuel ratio at a point of an air/fuel sensor located in an exhaust system of an engine includes a) providing a first model which provides a first air/fuel ratio which is outlet from an exhaust manifold of the engine; b) measuring or estimating volumetric flow through the exhaust; c) applying a transfer function to the first air/fuel ratio to provide a model of the air/fuel ratio at the sensor. The transfer function includes a first order filter and is dependent on the volumetric flow. The transfer function has a time constant equivalent to a filter coefficient which is 1/time constant which is determined based on the flow rate.
摘要:
A method of controlling a fuel injector including a solenoid actuated valve arrangement, said valve arrangement including an armature adapted to be in contact with a proximal end of a valve needle comprising applying a current profile to said solenoid; wherein said profile comprises a peak phase where the current is ramped to a peak/demand value, followed by a transition phase, where the demand value of current is set to a value substantially lower than the peak value, followed by a by-pass phase where the current is set/ ramped to a by-pass/demand level.
摘要:
A seal (16) adapted to obtrude the peripheral orifice (P) between the external faces of an evaporator (12) and the internal faces of a housing (14) surrounding the evaporator (12). The seal (16) is an integral closed elastic band having an inner side and an outer side and adapted to be stretched and to be arranged in extension around the evaporator (12) so that, the inner side of the band contacts the evaporator (12) and, the outer side of the band contacts the housing (14).
摘要:
An ignition system including a spark plug control unit adapted to control at least two stages comprising a first transformer (T1) including a first primary winding (L1) inductively coupled to a first secondary winding (L2); a second transformer (T2) including a second primary winding (L3) inductively coupled to a second secondary winding (L4); said control unit enabled to simultaneously energize and deenergize primary windings (L1, L3) by simultaneously switching on and off two corresponding switches (Q1, Q2) to maintain a continuous ignition fire, wherein means to implement operation is based solely on selective switching of switches Ql and Q2.
摘要:
An ignition system for an internal combustion engine comprises an ignition transformer with two primary windings (L P1 , L P2 ). The ignition system is designed to generate, for a given ignition event, a unipolar current (I SEC ) through the secondary winding (L SEC ) by way of a control circuit (20) that is configured to first energize and deenergize the first primary winding (L P1 ) to establish a first electrical arc across the sparkplug electrodes (14) and, when the current (I SEC ) in the secondary winding reaches, or drops below, a current threshold (I SEC_TH ), repeatedly energizes and deenergizes the second primary winding (L P2 ) to establish a plurality of second current pulses across the electrodes in order to maintain the burn phase.
摘要:
A transformer comprises a magnetic core and a magnetic return path element providing a magnetic return path for the magnetic core. The magnetic core is generally located between two end faces of the magnetic return path element. A primary coil or winding surrounds the magnetic core. A secondary coil or winding surrounds the primary winding/coil. A first gap component is located between one end of the magnetic core and one corresponding end face of the magnetic return path element. A second gap component is located between the other end of the magnetic core and the corresponding other end face of the magnetic return path element.