摘要:
The invention relates to a cross-linking agent for the cross-linking of matrix materials, the matrix which results therefrom, the method used therefor, and the use of said cross-linking agent. Said cross-linking agent contains functionalised polyhedral oligomer silicon-oxygen cluster units, according to formula (I) [(RaXbSiO1,5)m (RcXdSiO)n (ReXfSi2O2,5)o (RgXhSi2O2)p], wherein a, b, c are equal to 0-1; d is equal to 1-2; e, f, g are equal to 0-3; h is equal to 1-4; m+n+o+p is greater than or equal to 4; a+b is equal to 1; c+d is equal to 2; e+f is equal to 3 and g+h is equal to 4; R represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkenyl, alkinyl, cycloalkinyl, aryl, or heteroaryl group or a polymer unit which are respectively substituted or non-substituted, or other functionalised polyhedral oligomer silicon-oxygen cluster units which are bound by a polymer unit or a bridge unit; X represents an oxy, hydroxy, alkoxy, carboxy, silyl, alkylsilyl, alkoxysilyl, siloxy, alkylsiloxy, alkoxysiloxy, silylalkyl, alkoxysilylalkyl, alkylsilylalkyl, halogen, epoxy, ester, fluoroalkyl, isocyanate, blocked isocyanate, acrylate, methacrylate, nitrile, amino, or phosphine group or substituents of type R comprising at least one such group of type X, the substituents of type R being the same or different and the substituents of type X being the same or different.
摘要:
The invention relates to a cation-conducting or proton-conducting ceramic membrane, a method for the production thereof and the use of the same. The inventive membrane represents a novel category of solid proton-conducting membranes, and is based on a porous and flexible ceramic membrane described in patent application PCT/EP98/05939. Said membrane is infiltrated by a proton-conducting substance, and is then dried and consolidated in such away that the end result is an impermeable, cation-conducting or proton-conducting membrane. The proton-conducting substance is a hydroxysilylsulfonic acid or a hydroxysilylphosphonic acid which is integrated into an inorganic network, e.g. SiO2. The ceramic membrane thus remains flexible and can be used without a problem as a membrane in a fuel cell.
摘要:
The invention relates to a method for using antimicrobial polymers for the protection of buildings and monuments by impregnating the surfaces with an antimicrobial polymer.
摘要:
The invention relates to a method and device for carrying out electrofiltration. Electrofiltration is a commonly known method, which is frequently used in industry for purifying suspensions, such as wastewater resulting from manufacturing processes. Prior art devices used for carrying out electrofiltration have the drawback in that large amounts of expensive metals such as titanium, gold, iridium, platinum and the like have to be used as counter-electrodes to the membrane electrodes. The aim of the invention is to improve the filtration results compared to those of conventional filtration methods and modules without requiring the use of large amounts of expensive metals for the counter-electrodes. To this end, the invention provides a method, according to which the membrane electrodes are displaced, and a device for carrying out said method. The inventive method and device can be used for separating substances.
摘要:
The invention relates to composite sheets with electrically switchable optical properties, comprising two control electrodes and a light-scattering microcompartmented sheet with cavities containing electrophoretically mobile particles in a suspension fluid, whereby the microcompartmented sheet is made of a light scattering material. The composite sheets with electrically switchable optical properties can be used as display panels, computer displays or flat screens.
摘要:
The invention relates to a method of producing epoxy resins from hydrocarbons with olefinic double bonds, especially alkenes, by heterogeneous catalyzed oxidation in the gaseous phase. According to said method, an oxidic solid catalyst is released which contains iron as its active component at a concentration of 0.001-1 % and alkali and/or alkaline earth elements as the promoters. N2O is used as the oxidizing agent. The granulated oxidic solid catalyst, especially on the basis of SiO2 as the carrier, has a specific surface of greater than 50 m2/g. The ratio of the concentrations of the active components to the promoter components is preferably between 1:100 and 10:1. The partial oxidation of hydrocarbons with olefinic double bonds, especially propene, results in propene selectivities of 10-70 % at reaction temperatures of 300-500 °C and conversions of 2-30 %. The catalyst repeatedly used in the reaction process can easily be regenerated by oxidation in air so that it retains its high activity even after 50 or more regeneration cycles.
摘要:
The invention relates to a nanofiller which has a particle size of less than 20 nm and is used in a matrix material, the resulting matrix, a method for producing said matrix, and the use of said nanofiller. The inventive nanofiller comprises functionalized polyhedral oligomeric silicon-oxygen cluster units according to formula [(RaXbSiO1,5)m (RcXdSiO)n (ReXfSi2O2,5)o (RgXhSi2O2)p], in which the following applies: a, b, c = 0-1; d = 1-2; e, g, f = 0-3; h = 1-4; m.b + n.d + o.f + p.h = 4; m+n+o+p = 4; a+b = 1; c+d =2; e+f = 3, and g+h =4; R represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkenyl, alkinyl, cycloalkinyl, aryl, or heteroaryl group, or a polymer unit, each of which is substituted or unsubstituted, or additional functionalized polyhedral oligomeric silicon-oxygen cluster units which are linked via a polymer unit or a bridge unit; X represents an oxy, hydroxy, alkoxy, carboxy, silyl, alkylsilyl, alkoxysilyl, siloxy, alkyl siloxy, alkoxy siloxy, silyl alkyl, alkoxy silyl alkyl, alkyl silyl alkyl, halogen, epoxy, ester, fluoroalkyl, isocyanate, blocked isocyanate, acrylate, methacrylate, nitrile, amino, or phosphine group or at least one group of type R containing substituents of type X. The substituents of type R are identical or different while the substituents of type X are identical or different, provided that a maximum of four substituents of type X are used per cluster unit.
摘要:
The invention relates to injection molded bodies with surfaces having self-cleaning properties, and to a simple method for producing these self-cleaning surfaces. The inventive method is very simple by virtue of the fact that it can involve the use of existing tools. Injection molded parts are generally produced by using injection molds into which the material is injected. The inventive method uses this technique by applying microparticles to the injection mold before the actual injection molding takes place, whereby, during injection molding, these particles are transferred to the injection molded part while being pressed into the surface thereof. The inventive method makes it possible to obtain self-cleaning surfaces in accordance with the lotus effect, said surfaces comprising particles with a fissured structure, wherein no additional embossed layer or foreign material supporting layer needs to applied to the shaped bodies. Inventive injection molded bodies can be three-dimensional objects of almost any type.
摘要:
The invention relates to shaped bodies with plastic surfaces having self-cleaning properties and a method for producing such shaped bodies. Self-cleaning surfaces and the advantages thereof are generally known. There are several methods for obtaining such surfaces, two of which have become common practice. One of said two methods is based on fixing particles to surfaces, the particles creating elevations by means of which the self-cleaning effect is created. According to the inventive method, said surfaces are created by making plastic surfaces swell by means of a swelling means containing suitable particles in a suspension. The particles are then embedded in the swollen surfaces. Upon removing the swelling means, the particles are firmly anchored on the plastic surface. Molded bodies that are produced according to the inventive method have the advantage that they can be produced in a conventional manner and can later be enhanced with self-cleaning properties, regardless of their shape. The inventive shaped bodies can be drinking cups, barrels, storage containers, storage canisters, and splash guard devices, or textile fabrics and woven textiles.