摘要:
A passive RFID transponder sensor system includes a sensor assembly having a focused field transponder antenna with a highly magnetically permeable transponder antenna stem, and a reader antenna with an electrical reader coil generating a magnetic field having magnetic flux extending between the reader antenna and a sensor assembly. The electrical transponder coil and the electrical reader coil are coupled by the magnetic field, so that information can be transferred to and from the sensor assembly through the magnetic field by which the electrical transponder coil and the electrical reader coil are coupled.
摘要:
A driver (10) produces a current to generate traveling waves of voltage for low levels of illumination and an arc voltage for high levels of illumination through a gas discharge lamp (50). At the low illumination levels the traveling waves of voltage are produced in a manner so as to increase the current in the lamp at a controlled rate so that the increase in current can be stopped by an optical or ionization feedback loop (80) when the lamp reaches the glow discharge region, after the Townsend discharge region (B) and before the arc discharge region (D). Without careful control of the rate of the current increase, the desired current level can easily be overshot or undershot. Also, the feedback is critical given the varying nature of the impedance of gas discharge lamps. The process is repeated at selected intervals to produce a desired average level of illumination. The nature of the traveling waves assists the direction of ion acceleration toward the walls of the lamp (50), allowing the lamp to be brought to the glow discharge region (C) without damage to the cathode filaments (250a, 250b).
摘要:
Disclosed is a fiber optic sensing system wherein a pulsed light source signal (12) propagates along a single optical waveguide (14) and is split into component signals (20) and (22) at a sensor unit (16). The intensity of one component signal (20) is varied by a transducer (28) through which the signal passes. The second, reference, component signal (22) passes through a delay optical fiber (30) and has its propagation delayed with respect to the other component signal (20). The delayed and undelayed component signals are then coupled and propagate along a single waveguide (34) to a receiver (36). The system is constructed so that intensity-varying factors inherent in the system, other than the sensor-induced variations, are identically shared by the two component signals. Accordingly, signal processing circuitry (38) calculates a simple ratio of the delayed and undelayed signals which yields the sensor-intensity variation independent of any other intensity-varying factors.
摘要:
Disclosed is a fiber optic sensing system wherein a pulsed light source signal (12) propagates along a single optical waveguide (14) and is split into component signals (20) and (22) at a sensor unit (16). The intensity of one component signal (20) is varied by a transducer (28) through which the signal passes. The second, reference, component signal (22) passes through a delay optical fiber (30) and has its propagation delayed with respect to the other component signal (20). The delayed and undelayed component signals are then coupled and propagate along a single waveguide (34) to a receiver (36). The system is constructed so that intensity-varying factors inherent in the system, other than the sensor-induced variations, are identically shared by the two component signals. Accordingly, signal processing circuitry (38) calculates a simple ratio of the delayed and undelayed signals which yields the sensor-intensity variation independent of any other intensity-varying factors.
摘要:
A passive RFID transponder sensor system includes a sensor assembly having a focused field transponder antenna with a highly magnetically permeable transponder antenna stem, and a reader antenna with an electrical reader coil generating a magnetic field having magnetic flux extending between the reader antenna and a sensor assembly. The electrical transponder coil and the electrical reader coil are coupled by the magnetic field, so that information can be transferred to and from the sensor assembly through the magnetic field by which the electrical transponder coil and the electrical reader coil are coupled.
摘要:
The aircraft tire pressure loop link is formed of first and second single metal loops connected by parallel spaced apart metal shafts, and provides for coupling a magnetic field between a wheel hub coil and a tire pressure sensor coil to provide electromagnetic communication between a control unit connect to the wheel hub coil and a tire pressure sensor connected to the tire pressure sensor coil. The current induced in the first single metal loop travels the distance from the edge of the wheel axle coil to the periphery of the of the wheel rim to the second single metal loop, which generates the flux in the tire pressure sensor receiver coil necessary to power the tire pressure sensor.
摘要:
Cascaded transistor stages are connected between a high voltage and a discharge resistance coupled to a lower potential. The transistor stage closest to the lower potential is referred to as a driver stage, and all the other transistor stages are referred to as component stages. Blocking diodes are connected across all stages, forming a continuous path from the high voltage to ground. When an enable signal is provided to the driver stage, the transistor stages sequentially enter a conduction, starting with the driver stage and proceeding to the component stage coupled to the high voltage. The current flow through the driver stage is regulated and remains relatively constant as the high voltage is brought to close to the lower potential. The voltage drop is approximately linear, ensuring that voltage ringing or rebound does not occur following the discharge. After the high voltage is brought to the lower potential, the transistor stages remain in conduction as determined by the presence of the enable signal, to discharge any remaining high voltage that may be attached through a high series impedance. Upon removal of the enable signal, the transistor stages no longer conduct.
摘要:
A switching circuit (50) comprising cascaded transistor stages (52a, 52b, ...52n and 54), connected between a high voltage terminal (62) and a sense resistor (RS) coupled to a low voltage terminal (64). The transistor stage (54) closest to the sense resistor (RS) is referred to as a current gain stage (54), and all the other transistor stages (52a, 52b, ...52n) are referred to as component stages (52a, 52b, ...52n). Blocking diodes (DD) are connected across all stages (52a, 52b, ...52n and 54), forming a continuous path between the high voltage terminal (62) and the low voltage terminal (64). When an enable signal is provided to the current gain stage (54), the transistor stages (52a, 52b, ...52n and 54) sequentially enter conduction, beginning with the current gain stage (54) and proceeding through the component stages (52a, 52b, ...52n). As each transistor stage (52a, 52b, ...52n) enters conduction, the resulting voltage drop will cause each corresponding blocking diode (DD) to avalanche, allowing current to flow. Eventually, all of the component stages (52a, 52b, ...52n) are turned on, creating a conductive path through the stages (52a, 52b, ...52n) and completing the switching of the switching circuit (50).
摘要:
A method and apparatus for sensing the proximity of a target object includes a sensor inductor (L s , 38) connected in series with an identical reference inductor (L R , 36) between an input and ground to form an inductive divider network. The sensor inductor is positioned so that its inductance can be varied in response to the proximity of a target object (14, 40) while the inductance of the reference inductor remains constant. Voltage pulses are periodically applied to the divider network from a source (32, 34) and divide across the reference and sensor inductors in accordance with the ratio of the inductances, as varied or not by the presence of the target object. A detector (30) monitors the output of the divider network and provides a target status signal indicative of the proximity of the target object. For low-power operation, the detector circuit and conductive divider network are periodically and momentarily energized in synchronism. This enables configuration of a self-contained, leadless proximity sensor having a battery power source and an optical output.