摘要:
Method and apparatus for a low maintenance, high reliability on-site electrolytic generator incorporating automatic cell monitoring for contaminant film buildup, as well as automatically removing or cleaning the contaminant film. This method and apparatus preferably does not require human intervention to clean. For high current density cells, cleaning is preferably performed by reversing the polarity of the electrodes and applying a lower current density to the electrodes. A second lower current density power supply may be used for reverse polarity cleaning. Electrolyte flow is preferably monitored and automatically adjusted.
摘要:
The present invention is an apparatus and method for disinfecting or sanitizing a desired object. The apparatus includes a container for an aqueous solution, the container may be a spray bottle (22). The apparatus includes an electrolytic cell (46), containing an electrolyte (24), an electrical power source (36), a control circuit (34) for providing an electric charge to the electrolyte to create an oxidant, and a fluid connection between the cell and container to permit introduction of the oxidant into the aqueous solution to create a disinfectant.
摘要:
Method and apparatus for controlling two phase flow in electrolytic cells. The present invention is directed to any electrolytic cell, including but not limited to upflow electrolytic cells that comprise parallel electrodes in a vertical orientation. Fluid control strips are preferably added between the anode and cathode electrodes to control flow of fluid and gas bubbles generated between the electrodes in order to avoid the detrimental effects of gas bubbles on the conductivity of the fluid solution, and thereby increase production and operational efficiency of the electrolytic cell.
摘要:
Methods and apparatuses for electrolysis that does not require the use of a transformer to operate. The apparatus comprises one or more electrolytic cells which comprise the number of intermediate electrodes sufficient to enable the cell or cells to operate at the rectified line voltage without any need for voltage regulation, or near the rectified line voltage with only some voltage regulation, such as less than 20% of the rectified line voltage. Such regulation is achieved by using a buck or boost converter rather than a transformer, and can be varied to accommodate fluctuations in the line voltage and/or conductivity of the electrolyte, or varied to produce different chemistries in the same apparatus.
摘要:
An electrolytic device and method for generating a sterilizing solution that utilizes hydrogen produced at the cathode as a further means to discharge biofilm material, microorganisms, and other organic material from the cathode surface. The device to be cleaned is typically electrically conductive and acts as a cathode, preferably by being in electrical contact with the cathode tray of the system. Aqueous Chlor-oxygen disinfectants produced within the device can be circulated through internal components of devices or instruments that may have internal passages. Gasses generated from the electrolysis operation, primarily hydrogen that is liberated at the cathode surface, are passively or forcibly vented from the system or are neutralized by a catalytic recombiner.
摘要:
The present invention is directed to an electrolytic cell that is completely sealed during the electrolysis operation during production of oxidant. Gasses generated within the electrolysis operation, primarily hydrogen that is liberated at the cathode surface, increase the pressure within the cell, and the gas pressure is ultimately utilized to expel the oxidant from the cell chamber.
摘要:
Method and apparatus for controlling two phase flow in electrolytic cells. The present invention is directed to any electrolytic cell, including but not limited to upflow electrolytic cells that comprise parallel electrodes in a vertical orientation. Fluid control strips are preferably added between the anode and cathode electrodes to control flow of fluid and gas bubbles generated between the electrodes in order to avoid the detrimental effects of gas bubbles on the conductivity of the fluid solution, and thereby increase production and operational efficiency of the electrolytic cell.
摘要:
An electrolytic device and method for generating a sterilizing solution that utilizes hydrogen produced at the cathode as a further means to discharge biofilm material, microorganisms, and other organic material from the cathode surface. The device to be cleaned is typically electrically conductive and acts as a cathode, preferably by being in electrical contact with the cathode tray of the system. Aqueous Chlor-oxygen disinfectants produced within the device can be circulated through internal components of devices or instruments that may have internal passages. Gasses generated from the electrolysis operation, primarily hydrogen that is liberated at the cathode surface, are passively or forcibly vented from the system or are neutralized by a catalytic recombiner.
摘要:
Improvements in product water throughput from a reverse osmosis (RO) membrane achieved by thinner feed spacers in the RO element (22), enhanced recovery (ratio of permeate to feed), pressure recovery of the retentate fluid pressure opposing the feed water pressure, and fluid pulsing of the RO element feed stream. These features are preferably combined to optimize the performance and cost per unit volume of water produced. The system of the invention preferably comprises a dual head reciprocating pump (20), an RO element (22) with a housing, and a differential pressure activated ('DPA') valve (24). The DPA valve (24), in combination with offsetting fluid pressures on the two pump heads (28, 30), generate energy recovery. The frequency and amplitude of the reciprocating pump (20) create a pulse wave in the RO element (22) that improves permeate quality and throughput. A control system preferably monitors system parameters to optimize the reciprocating pump (20) speed and amplitude to tune the optimal frequency and amplitude required for maximum throughput and permeate quality from any given RO element (22) configuration.