Abstract:
The invention relates to a method for the production of aqueous formulations, characterized in that (A) at least one ethylenically unsaturated mono- or dicarbonic acid or the anhydride thereof, (B) at least one comonomer having at least one permanent cationic charge per molecule, and (C-P1) at least one ethylenically unsaturated carbonic acid amide are radically copolymerized with each other in an aqueous medium.
Abstract:
The invention relates to a catalyst complex comprising boron trifluoride and a co-catalyst mixture of 10 to 90 wt% of a monovalent primary C 1 to C 20 alcohol and 90 to 10 wt% of a monovalent secondary C 3 to C 20 alcohol, wherein the molar ratio of boron trifluoride to the sum of all alcohols is 2:1 to 1:10. Said catalyst complex is used in the production of highly reactive isobutene homopolymers having a number-average molecular weight of 300 to 50,000, wherein a C 4 hydrocarbon mixture containing at least 20 wt% of isobutene and in total at least 10 wt% of other C 4 olefins is used as a feed material.
Abstract:
Method for producing polymers by means of controlled radical polymerisation, wherein the polymerisation of one or several radically polymerisable monomers of general formula (I), where R 1 , R 2 , R 3 are H, C 1 -C 4 alkyl, R 4 is C(=O)OR 5 , C(=O)NHR 15 , C(=O)NR 5 R 6 , OC(=O)CH 3 , C(=O)OH, CN, aryl, hetaryl, C(=O)OR 5 OH, C(=O)OR 5 Si(OR 5 ) 3 , halogen, NHC(O)H, P(=O)(OR 7 ) 2 , R 5 is C 1 -C 20 alkyl, R 15 is C 1 -C 20 -alkyl, R 6 is C 1 -C 20 alkyl, and R 7 is H, C 1 -C 20 alkyl, occurs in the presence of a. one or several catalysts containing Cu in the form of Cu(0), Cu(l), Cu (II) or mixtures thereof, b. one or several initiators selected from the group of organic halogenides or pseudohalogenides, c. one or several ligands, d. optionally one or several solvents, and e. optionally one or several inorganic halogenide salts, said method consisting of the following steps i) addition of the catalyst a., ii) optional addition of monomers of general formula (I), iii) optional addition of solvent d., iv) addition of ligand c., v) addition of initiator b., vi) addition of monomers of general formula (I), and vii) optional addition of inorganic halogenide salts e., on the proviso that the addition of at least some of the monomers of general formula (I) occurs immediately before or shortly after the last of the steps i), iv) and v).
Abstract:
The invention relates to a method for producing aqueous solutions of homo or copolymers of acrylic acid by means of radical polymerization of acrylic acid and optional water-soluble, monoethylene unsaturated comonomers in an aqueous medium in the presence of at least one water-soluble initiator and at least one water-soluble regulator, wherein the polymerization is performed by means of a continuous process, and wherein low-molecular components are at least partially separated out of the aqueous polymer solution obtained after polymerization. Microstructured mixers and reactors are preferably used for the polymerization. At least one reactor and/or mixer having microstructures are preferably used for the process.
Abstract:
The present invention relates to a method for manufacturing leather, characterized in that the pre-tanning, main-tanning or post-tanning is carried out in the presence of (a) at least one compound of the general formula (I) (b) and oxalic acid or the corresponding ammonium or alkali metal salts thereof, respectively, where R 1 is selected from methyl, ethyl, phenyl, benzyl, hydroxymethyl, isopropyl, isobutyl and sec.-butyl.