Abstract:
The invention relates to metal-nanoparticles and to methods for the production thereof in which a metallic salt solution is reduced by means of a reducing agent in the presence of the derivatised polyethylenimines or polyvinylamines. Metal salt solutions of two or more different metals can be reduced at the same time or successively. The metallic nanoparticles are obtained from two or more different metals. Metals are preferably silver, palladium and platinum. Suitable reducing agents are, for example, formic acid, formaldehyde, diethanolamine, 5-pentenic acids and sodium borohydride. Silver can be used in the form of silver oxide and/or silver nitrate, palladium can be used in the form of alkali tetrachloropalladate or palladium(ll)nitrate and platinum can be used in the form of alkali tetrachloroplatinate or tetraamine platinum(ll)nitrate.
Abstract:
The invention relates to the production of lactones by means of the catalytic carbonylation of oxiranes. According to the invention, the catalyst used is a catalyst system consisting of a) at least one cobalt compound as component A, and b) at least one metallic compound of general formula (I) as component B In formula (I) MXxRn-x, M represents an alkaline earth metal or a metal pertaining to groups 3, 4, 12 or 13 of the periodic table, R represents hydrogen or a hydrocarbon radical which can be substituted on all of the carbon atoms except the carbon atom linked to M, X represents an anion, n represents a number corresponding to the valency of M, and x represents a number between 0 and n, the selection of n and x resulting in charge neutrality.
Abstract:
The invention relates to a method for producing a zinc dicarboxylate from a zinc compound and a C 4 -C 10 dicarboxylic acid in the presence of a cationic emulsifier and a solvent. The invention also relates to zinc dicarboxylates which can be obtained using the aforementioned method and which have a BET surface area of 50 to 750 m 2 /g.
Abstract:
The invention relates to a method for producing polybutadienols from polybutadienes having a number average molecular weight of 300 to 2000 g/mol containing 20 to 50% 1,4-double bonds and 50 to 80% 1,2-vinyl and 1,2-cyclovinyl double bonds, with respect to the amount of all double bonds, comprising the steps i) epoxidising a part of or all 1,4- double bonds using an epoxidation reagent that selectively epoxidises 1,4-double bonds, and ii) reacting the epoxidised polybutadienes with an alcohol or water to form a polybutadienol. The invention further relates to polybutadienols that can be obtained according to this method, as well as to the use of said polybutadienols for the production of polyurethanes with a glass transition temperature of at least 15 °C, and to said polyurethanes.
Abstract:
The invention relates to a method for producing polycarbonates having an average molecular weight MW of = 230.000 g/mol and a content of cyclic compounds of = 2 wt.- %. Said method comprises the following steps (a) at least one oxirane is reacted with carbon dioxide in the presence of a metal polycarboxylic acid compound in an aprotic solvent with is water-immiscible at a temperature of between 40 - 120 °C and at a pressure of 1 - 100 bar. The molar ratio of monomers in relation to metal-polycarboxylic acid compounds is = 75, (b) an aqueous solution of an inorganic acid is added to the reaction mixture after the reaction is completed, (c) the aqueous phase is separated, (d) optionally, the remaining organic phase is washed with water and (e) the resulting slurry of the polycarbonate is degassed or dried in the aprotic solvent which is water-immiscible. The invention also relates to polycarbonate produced according to said method and to the use of the polycarbonate.
Abstract:
The invention relates to polyurethanes obtainable by reaction of a) polyisocyanates A selected from optionally modified methanediphenyl 4,4'-diisocyanate, homologues of methanediphenyl 4,4'-diisocyanate containing a larger number of rings, prepolymers based on methanediphenyl 4,4'-diisocyanate and containing isocyanate groups, and mixtures thereof, b) compounds having at least two hydrogen atoms reactive towards isocyanate groups, containing b1) block copolymers of a polybutadienol and a cyclic ester as component B, and b2) diols as low-molecular-weight chain extenders and optionally triols as crosslinking agents with molar mass from 62 to 500 g/mol as component B2, c) optionally other polymeric compounds C having at least two hydrogen atoms reactive towards isocyanates, d) optionally catalysts D, e) optionally water E, f) optionally physical blowing agents F, g) optionally other auxiliaries and/or additives G.
Abstract:
A thermoplastic copolymer prepared from acrylonitrile and para-alpha-dimethylstyrene via bulk or solution polymerization has an improved heat distortion temperature and can be used together with graft copolymers and further components for the preparation of thermoplastic moldings.
Abstract:
The present invention relates to a process for the preparation of polyalkylene carbonate, an alternating copolymer, obtainable from the ring opening of an alkene oxide or an alkene oxide precursor in the presence of carbon dioxide or any substance delivering carbon oxide, in the presence of at least one catalyst containing a metal-organic framework material, wherein said framework material comprises pores and a metal ion and an at least bidentate organic compound, said bidentate organic compound being coordinately bound to the metal ion.