Abstract:
The invention relates to a method for operating a linear concentrator solar power plant (1), in which method a heat exchange medium flows through a pipeline loop (47) with at least one receiver, wherein the heat exchange medium has a flow velocity which is so great that the flow in the pipeline loop (47) is turbulent, wherein at least part of the heat exchange medium is removed upon exit from the pipeline loop (47) and is guided back into the pipeline loop (47). Furthermore, the invention relates to a linear concentrator solar power plant having at least one pipeline loop (47) with at least one receiver, in which a heat exchange medium which flows through the pipeline loop (47) is heated by incoming solar energy, wherein a mixing device (27) is included, in which at least part of the heat exchange medium which flows through the pipeline loop (47) is mixed with heat exchange medium to be fed in.
Abstract:
The invention relates to an apparatus for heating a pipeline system, comprising at least two pipelines (1) along each of which an electrical resistance heating element extends, characterized in that a potential close to earth potential is established on each electrical resistance heating element at at least one end (3, 5), and the electrical resistance heating element is connected to a pole of a DC power source or to a respective phase (7) of an n-phase AC power source (9) in a position which is remote from said end (3, 5), wherein, when an n-phase AC power source (9) is used, n is an integer equal to or greater than 2.
Abstract:
The invention relates to a nitrate salt composition, containing as the essential constituents A) an alkali metal nitrate and optionally an alkali metal nitrite in a total amount in the range of 90 to 99.84% by weight, and B) an alkali metal compound selected from the group comprising B1) alkali metal oxide, B2) alkali metal carbonate, B3) alkali metal compound that decomposes in the temperature range of 250°C to 600°C to form alkali metal oxide or alkali metal carbonate, B4) alkali metal hydroxide MetOH, in which Met denotes lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium, caesium, B5) alkali metal peroxide Met 2 O 2 , in which Met denotes lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium, caesium, and B6) alkali metal superoxide MetO 2 , in which Met denotes sodium, potassium, rubidium, caesium in a total amount in the range of 0.16 to 10% by weight, the percentages being relative to the nitrate salt composition.
Abstract:
The present invention relates to compounds of the general formula (I) in which the variables have the following meaning: W is a grouping (Y 4- T 2- ) s (Y 3 -A 2- ) t Y 2 -Z 2 , Z 1 , Z 2 are non-reactive radicals of reactive radicals for promoting polymerization independent of one another as defined more precisely in the description, A 1 , A 2 are spacers independent of one another as defined more precisely in the description, Y 1 through Y 5 are linking units as defined more precisely in the description, Y 6 is a single chemical bond or -CO-, T 1 , T 2 are bivalent saturated or unsaturated, optionally substituted and optionally fused iso- or heterocyclic radicals independent of one another as defined more precisely in the description, Q indicates substituents as defined more precisely in the description, r, t are 0 or 1 independent of one another, s is 0, 1, 2 or 3 and q is 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4. The invention further relates to a fluid-crystalline composition that comprises at least one compound of the formula (I) and the use of the compounds of formula (I) as chiral dopants.
Abstract:
The invention relates to a method for producing 1,2-propandiol, wherein a flow containing glycerine, in particular a flow produced on an industrial scale during the production of biodiesel, is subjected to hydrogenation in a two-step reactor cascade.
Abstract:
The invention relates to a solar power plant having a first heat transfer circuit and a second heat transfer circuit, wherein the first heat transfer circuit comprises a store (3) for hot heat transfer medium and a store (5) for cold heat transfer medium as well as a pipeline system (6) leading though a solar field (7) and connecting the stores (3, 5) for hot and cold heat transfer mediums. The second heat transfer circuit comprises a pipeline system (9) that connects the stores (3, 5) for hot and cold heat transfer mediums, in which at least one heat exchanger (11) for evaporating and superheating water is accommodated, wherein the at least one heat exchanger (11) has a region flown through by heat transfer medium and a region flown through by water, which are separated by a heat-conducting wall so that heat can be transferred from the heat transfer medium to the water. Each heat exchanger (11) comprises a break detection system (21), by which a possible break of the heat-conducting wall can be detected, and valves (23) for closing feed lines (13, 17) and discharge lines (15, 19) for the heat transfer medium and water, wherein upon detection of a break, the valves (23) in the feed lines (13, 17) and the discharge lines (15, 19) are closed for heat transfer medium and water.