Abstract:
Disclosed is a method for maintaining or extending the long-term operating temperature range of a heat transfer medium and/or heat storage medium containing a nitrite salt composition that contains, as essential components, an alkali metal nitrate or an alkaline earth metal nitrate or a mixture of alkali metal nitrate and alkaline earth metal nitrate, as well as an alkali metal nitrite and/or an alkaline earth metal nitrite. Said method is characterized in that the entire nitrite salt composition or a portion thereof is brought in contact with an additive composed of nitrogen and/or rare gases, each of which contains 0 to 20 vol.% of elemental oxygen relative to the total amount of the additive, in combination with nitrogen oxides and/or nitrogen oxide-generating compounds.
Abstract:
The invention relates to a method for operating a linear concentrator solar power plant (1), in which method a heat exchange medium flows through a pipeline loop (47) with at least one receiver, wherein the heat exchange medium has a flow velocity which is so great that the flow in the pipeline loop (47) is turbulent, wherein at least part of the heat exchange medium is removed upon exit from the pipeline loop (47) and is guided back into the pipeline loop (47). Furthermore, the invention relates to a linear concentrator solar power plant having at least one pipeline loop (47) with at least one receiver, in which a heat exchange medium which flows through the pipeline loop (47) is heated by incoming solar energy, wherein a mixing device (27) is included, in which at least part of the heat exchange medium which flows through the pipeline loop (47) is mixed with heat exchange medium to be fed in.
Abstract:
The invention relates to an apparatus for heating a pipeline system, comprising at least two pipelines (1) along each of which an electrical resistance heating element extends, characterized in that a potential close to earth potential is established on each electrical resistance heating element at at least one end (3, 5), and the electrical resistance heating element is connected to a pole of a DC power source or to a respective phase (7) of an n-phase AC power source (9) in a position which is remote from said end (3, 5), wherein, when an n-phase AC power source (9) is used, n is an integer equal to or greater than 2.
Abstract:
The invention relates to a nitrate salt composition, containing as the essential constituents A) an alkali metal nitrate and optionally an alkali metal nitrite in a total amount in the range of 90 to 99.84% by weight, and B) an alkali metal compound selected from the group comprising B1) alkali metal oxide, B2) alkali metal carbonate, B3) alkali metal compound that decomposes in the temperature range of 250°C to 600°C to form alkali metal oxide or alkali metal carbonate, B4) alkali metal hydroxide MetOH, in which Met denotes lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium, caesium, B5) alkali metal peroxide Met 2 O 2 , in which Met denotes lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium, caesium, and B6) alkali metal superoxide MetO 2 , in which Met denotes sodium, potassium, rubidium, caesium in a total amount in the range of 0.16 to 10% by weight, the percentages being relative to the nitrate salt composition.
Abstract:
The invention relates to a method for removing small quantities of water and other possible components from alkali metal amalgam. Said alkali metal amalgam is brought into contact with an element which is not soluble in mercury and the reaction of the water with the alkali metal amalgam and the other possible components is catalysed to form hydroxides and hydrogen. The catalytically active element is selected from, for example, iron, nickel, cobalt, titanium, chrome, molybdenum, stainless steel, tungsten carbide and graphite.
Abstract:
A solvent system for biopolymers in the form of carbohydrates which is based on a molten ionic liquid, with additives being present in the solvent system if appropriate, is described. This solvent system comprises a protic solvent or a mixture of a plurality of protic solvents, and if the protic solvent is water alone, this is present in the solvent system in an amount of more than about 5% by weight. Carbohydrates can be incorporated into the solvent system, in particular in the form of starch, cellulose and derivatives thereof, and the solvent system can then be employed for regenerating the carbohydrates dissolved therein. In addition, a particularly advantageous method of producing the solvent system containing the carbohydrates and for producing regenerated carbohydrates, in particular in the form of regenerated cellulose fibres, is described. The invention accordingly also provides such spinning fibres which are nonfibrillating. The invention offers, in particular, economic advantages over the systems of the prior art.
Abstract:
The invention relates to a pipeline system for transporting a molten salt, comprising at least one pipeline (5) through which the molten salt flows, at least one inflow and at least one outflow, wherein the pipeline (5) through which the molten salt flows has at least one gradient that is inclined with respect to the horizontal and is respectively connected at the lowest positions by way of a drainage valve (25) to a drainage line (27) and at the highest positions to an aeration valve (23). The invention also relates to a method for emptying the pipeline system.