摘要:
Disclosed herein is a method of assaying a crude oil, the method includes measuring at least two selected properties of the crude oil with one or more laboratory-independent devices using at least two different techniques wherein each technique is predictive of each respective property, transmitting the measured properties to a processor capable of reconstructing a determinative assay of the crude oil from the measured properties, and reconstructing a determinative assay of the crude oil from the measured properties. The disclosed method provides real-time information of a refinery feedstock such that, for example, a trader negotiating the sale of the product has accurate assay information on which to determine whether to sell or purchase the product.
摘要:
Disclosed herein is a method of assaying a crude oil, the method includes measuring at least two selected properties of the crude oil with one or more laboratory-independent devices using at least two different techniques wherein each technique is predictive of each respective property, transmitting the measured properties to a processor capable of reconstructing a determinative assay of the crude oil from the measured properties, and reconstructing a determinative assay of the crude oil from the measured properties. The disclosed method provides real-time information of a refinery feedstock such that, for example, a trader negotiating the sale of the product has accurate assay information on which to determine whether to sell or purchase the product.
摘要:
A process comprising reacting hydrogen and a reaction composition comprising a carboxylic acid and/or derivative thereof in a reactor to produce a reaction composition comprising one or more C1 compounds selected from one or more of carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4), and one or more product hydrocarbons derived from the carboxylic acid and/or derivative thereof, wherein the molar ratio of C1 compounds produced by the reaction to the carboxylate groups present in the carboxylic acid and/or derivative thereof in the reaction composition is maintained above a value of 0,37 : 1.
摘要:
The invention provides a process for evaluating the effect of a refinery feedstock on a refinery process, said process comprising: (i) providing a refinery feedstock; (ii) treating said refinery feedstock to produce a plurality of fractions each representative of the typical feedstock for the refinery process of interest, said plurality of fractions comprise at least two fractions with different properties; (iii) treating each of the plurality of fractions under experimental conditions representative of those in the refinery process, said treatments being carved out in an essentially parallel manner; and (iv) determining one or more performance criteria in respect of each fraction for the refinery process.
摘要:
A process for the production of a fuel composition comprising hydrocarbons derived from carboxylic acids and/or carboxylic acid esters, which process comprises feeding hydrogen and a hydrocarbon-containing stream to a first reactor to reduce levels of olefins and/or heteroatom-containing compounds in the hydrocarbon-containing stream, and feeding the so-treated hydrocarbon-containing stream to a second reactor together with hydrogen and a carboxylic acid and/or ester to produce a second hydrocarbon-containing stream in which at least some of the hydrocarbons are derived from the carboxylic acid and/or ester.
摘要:
A process for hydrogenating a carboxylic acid or derivative thereof comprising feeding a carboxylic acid or derivative thereof and hydrogen to a reactor, maintaining conditions therein such that hydrogen reacts with the carboxylic acid and/or derivative thereof to a product stream comprising one or more hydrocarbons and one or more oxides of carbon, feeding the product stream to a flash separator, wherein a vapour fraction comprising the one or more oxides of carbon is separated form a liquid fraction comprising the one or more hydrocarbons, wherein the concentration of carbon oxides in the flash separator is at or below a predetermined value.
摘要:
A process for the production of a fuel composition comprising hydrocarbons derived from carboxylic acids and/or carboxylic acid esters, which process comprises feeding hydrogen and a hydrocarbon-containing stream to a first reactor to reduce levels of olefins and/or heteroatom-containing compounds in the hydrocarbon-containing stream, and feeding the so-treated hydrocarbon-containing stream to a second reactor together with hydrogen and a carboxylic acid and/or ester to produce a second hydrocarbon-containing stream in which at least some of the hydrocarbons are derived from the carboxylic acid and/or ester.