摘要:
A reverse osmosis separation process is disclosed, such as for desalination and waste water reuse process, wherein an effectiveness of membrane cleaning can be estimated. Exemplary embodiments operate the reverse osmosis membrane cleaning process for a controlled time for cleaning and with a controlled value of chemical concentration in a chemical liquor prepared for cleaning the membrane. A method can include estimating fouling status of the membrane and determining a controlled value of chemical concentration in the chemical liquor, and a controlled time for cleaning based on the fouling status of the membrane.
摘要:
An object is to provide an optical measurement apparatus for performing an efficient test by optical measurement without incurring incorrect measurements. To this end, the measurement apparatus utilizes a test instrument mounted thereto and including a carrier with a reagent retaining portion for application of a sample. The measurement apparatus includes a reader for color development at the reagent retaining portion, and a controller for driving control of the reader and for required determination. The controller performs the determination by utilizing the data obtained by reading the color development of the reagent after a reaction completion period Tr1-Tr6 depending on the reagent and starting from the mounting of the test instrument. When detecting that the color development at the reagent retaining portion is completed before the lapse of the reaction completion period Tr1-Tr6 after the mounting of the test instrument, the controller stops the test for the test instrument.
摘要:
Embodiments of the present invention generally relate to temperature control of a reactor using probability distribution of temperature measurements. In one embodiment, a method of controlling a temperature of a chemical reaction includes injecting a reactant stream into a reactor and through a catalyst bed of the reactor. The reactant stream includes a hydrocarbon and oxygen. Injection of the reactant stream into the catalyst bed causes an exothermic chemical reaction. The method further includes circulating a coolant through the reactor, thereby removing heat from the catalyst bed. The method further includes measuring temperature at a plurality of locations in the catalyst bed. The method further includes calculating a fraction of the catalyst bed greater than a predetermined maximum temperature limit using a probability distribution generated using the temperature measurements.
摘要:
Monitoring and dosing systems for dosing additives to water in aquatic environments, such as aquariums, swimming pools, hot tubs, and ponds, to maintain the quality of the water within tolerances and/or to control other aspect of the aquatic environment, such as controlling the growth rates of flora and/or fauna in the aquatic environment. Some monitoring systems disclosed include chemical indicator apparatuses submerged in the water and having multiple immobilized-dye-based chemical indicators for detecting the levels of multiple constituents of the water that contribute to water quality. Corresponding monitoring/measuring units include one or more optical readers for acquiring readings of the chemical indicators. Dosing can be performed automatedly and/or in an assisted manner via a dosing calculator and appropriate support systems. A variety of robustness features are also disclosed that can be used to assist the systems in ensuring that measurement readings are as accurate as possible to avoid improper dosing.
摘要:
A clinical tester has been described that includes a probe to aspirate a fluid. The probe is washed between aspirations to reduce carryover. The wash operation includes both an internal and an external wash, where the internal wash operation is terminated prior to terminating the external wash. In one embodiment, the probe wash can be implemented on an integrated clinical chemistry/immunoassay tester.
摘要:
The present invention is a reagent preparation apparatus, comprising: a reagent preparation unit configured to prepare a reagent for processing a sample; a measuring unit configured to measure a property of the reagent prepared by the reagent preparation unit; a waste section configured to discard the prepared reagent when a measurement result by the measuring unit does not meet a predetermined condition; and a controller configured to control a reagent preparation operation of the reagent preparation unit, wherein the controller controls the reagent preparation unit to stop the reagent preparation operation when a number of times of discarding a reagent has reached a predetermine plurality of times.
摘要:
A sample rack transport system comprising: a plurality of transport apparatuses which are connected so as to transport a sample rack to a plurality of sample processing apparatuses; and a control apparatus which communicates with the plurality of transport apparatuses and controls the transport of the sample rack by the plurality of transport apparatuses, wherein at least one of the plurality of transport apparatuses includes a transmission switch which is operated by a user to transmit a signal to the control apparatus, and when the transport of the sample rack has stopped due to a trouble which occurred in one of the plurality of transport apparatuses, responsive to an operation of a transmission switch of another transport apparatus, the control apparatus restarts the transport of the sample rack by the plurality of transport apparatuses. Also, a method for transporting a sample rack.