Abstract:
This invention relates to lead-free silicate glasses that find use in producing fine crystal glassware and in laminated ware applications. The glasses consist essentially, in weight percent, of: SiO2 52-66; Al2O3 0-4; Li2O 0-4; Na2O 3-16; K2O 0-12; ZnO 15-30; BaO 0-7; MgO+CaO+SrO 0-4; ZrO2 0-4; B2O3 0-4.
Abstract:
Axisymmetric birefringent materials are incorporated into a deep UV imaging system by exploiting axial symmetries. A polar orthogonal polarization pattern is relayed conjugate to a pupil of a telecentric imaging system to avoid birefringence of axisymmetric birefringent optics located in telecentric object or image space.
Abstract:
Stress-induced photoelastic birefringence compensates for intrinsic birefringence of cubic crystalline structures (12) in deep ultraviolet (less than 200 nm) microlithographic imaging systems (10). Both the photoelastic birefringence and the intrinsic birefringence are expressed in a tensor format simplified by the symmetries of cubic crystalline structures. The stress-induced photoelastic birefringence can be sized to individually compensate for intrinsic birefringence exhibited in the same optical elements or preferably to collectively compensate for the cumulative effects of intrinsic birefringence in other optical elements in the lithography system.