摘要:
Fuel cell systems, e.g. systems including proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells, are engineered to have more than one internal electrical resistance that can change according to temperature. Such changes in internal electrical resistance levels allow rapid heat-up of the fuel cells from low temperatures to an elevated temperature that is optimal for water management and fuel cell operation. The fuel cell systems can include at least one fuel cell and at least one resistor-switch unit electrically connected to the at least one fuel cell. The at least one resistor-switch unit includes a resistor and a switch in which the switch is electrically connected in parallel with the resistor.
摘要:
Provided is an all solid-state lithium battery including solid battery materials and whose ohmic resistance is modulated according to temperature. The all solid-state lithium battery can include a solid electrolyte; at least two terminals for operating the battery at one level of internal resistance (R1) over a temperature range of the battery between a first temperature (T1) and a second temperature (T2); at least one high resistance terminal for operating the battery at a second level of internal resistance (R2) outside of either T1 or T2; and a switch that activates R2 when the temperature of the battery is outside of either T1 or T2. The battery can be configured to include at least one resistor sheet embedded within a cell of the battery and electrically connected to the at least one high resistance terminal.
摘要:
A rechargeable battery, module or a pack, having different levels of internal resistance that operate at different temperatures are disclosed. In a subfreezing environment, the battery can exhibit high resistance which once operated or activated, generates heat internally to warm up the battery quickly. Once the batter reaches normal operating temperatures, the battery can switch to a low resistance operating mode, thereby delivering superior power and energy despite operating in a very low ambient temperature.
摘要:
Electrochemical cells that include resistor switch assemblies that can operate according to temperature and batteries and power systems including such cells are disclosed.
摘要:
Rechargeable batteries, charging methods and systems for fast charging of the battery under all environmental temperatures and without causing battery degradation are disclosed.