摘要:
In a user's device of a GPS, the calculation of GDOP values for determining satellites to be used for the positioning is initiated periodically with a predetermined operation period. Once they are determined in a certain operation period, the processing for the positioning is repeatedly executed on the basis of signals from the determined satellites through the operation period, until satellites to be used are determined in a succeeding operation period. Plural times of the positioning can be executed for every time of the calculation of a GDOP value. If, therefore, a frequency of executing the positioning are made almost as equal as conventionally, a frequency of carrying out the time-consuming calculation of GDOP values is decreased, whereby the load of a microprocessor in the user's device can be remarkably reduced.
摘要:
The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for attenuating fuel pump noise in a direct injection internal combustion engine (22). In one proposal, the direct injection fuel nozzle is suspended from a fuel rail (32) in a fashion that avoids direct metal-to-metal contact between the injector and the engine block (24). The direct injection nozzle may also be connected to the fuel rail (32) by a pair of spaced-apart seals which equalize the longitudinal pressure on the nozzle during operation. Enlarged diameter fuel reservoirs and/or a restricted orifice (96) may be provided fluidly in series between the fuel pump (36) and the direct injection nozzle in order to attenuate noise resulting from fuel pump pulsation.
摘要:
The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for attenuating fuel pump noise in a direct injection internal combustion engine (22). In one proposal, the direct injection fuel nozzle is suspended from a fuel rail (32) in a fashion that avoids direct metal-to-metal contact between the injector and the engine block (24). The direct injection nozzle may also be connected to the fuel rail (32) by a pair of spaced-apart seals which equalize the longitudinal pressure on the nozzle during operation. Enlarged diameter fuel reservoirs and/or a restricted orifice (96) may be provided fluidly in series between the fuel pump (36) and the direct injection nozzle in order to attenuate noise resulting from fuel pump pulsation.
摘要:
In order to minimize a calculation load and surely obtain a maximum adhesion torque, estimated adhesion torques are always stored, an maximum value is obtained from the stored plural estimated adhesion torques immediately before slip/ skid is detected when detecting the slip/ skid, and the maximum value is set as a maximum adhesion torque. The maximum adhesion torque immediately before the slip/ skid is detected is compared with a value of the estimated adhesion torque when the slip/ skid is detected. When the calculated value exceeds a threshold value, it is determined as a condition where an adhesion coefficient drastically drops, and a suppression/return ratio of the torque is switched to a lower value than that under a condition where the adhesion coefficient does not drastically drop. The value of the torque at the time of suppression or return is set to a smaller value to surely suppress the slip/ skid.
摘要:
In order to minimize a calculation load and surely obtain a maximum adhesion torque, estimated adhesion torques are always stored, an maximum value is obtained from the stored plural estimated adhesion torques immediately before slip/ skid is detected when detecting the slip/ skid, and the maximum value is set as a maximum adhesion torque. The maximum adhesion torque immediately before the slip/ skid is detected is compared with a value of the estimated adhesion torque when the slip/ skid is detected. When the calculated value exceeds a threshold value, it is determined as a condition where an adhesion coefficient drastically drops, and a suppression/return ratio of the torque is switched to a lower value than that under a condition where the adhesion coefficient does not drastically drop. The value of the torque at the time of suppression or return is set to a smaller value to surely suppress the slip/ skid.
摘要:
The invention intends to improve a response by utilizing a rotational variable torque of a cam shaft (3). Communication paths respectively communicating an advance hydraulic chamber (9) and a retard hydraulic chamber (10) provided in a second rotary member (5) and a hydraulic connecting passage are provided so as to be communicated, at a time when a control member (20) intending to improve a response by moving a phase angle control slider (19) in an axial direction or a rotational direction in correspondence to an operating state such as an advance, a retard or the like so as to intermittently communicate an advance chamber communication path (26) and a retard chamber communication path (27) with a hydraulic chamber connecting groove (25) only in a section in which a cam shaft variable torque in an operating direction is applied, is controlled in a rotating region, and a relative rotation of a third rotary member and the second rotary member stops.
摘要:
A fuel pump 20 for a direct injection internal combustion engine 22 having a body 24 with a valve seat 54. The valve 50 includes a valve head 52 and the valve 50 is movably mounted to the body 24 between an open position and a closed position. In its open position, the valve head 52 is spaced from the valve seat 54 while in its closed position, the valve head 52 abuts against the valve seat 54 and closes the valve 50. An electric coil 56 upon energization moves the valve 50 to an open position and, conversely, upon deenergization allows the valve 50 to move to a closed position. A control circuit 62 controls the energization of the coil 56 to reduce the pump noise during operation of the engine 22, especially at low speeds.
摘要:
Water quality control method and apparatus for measuring an electrical conductivity used in the water quality control; (a) electrical conductivities of an aqueous solution (10) under measurement are measured at two or more different temperatures in a range of To to Tn, and a relationship between the electrical conductivity and the temperature is obtained; (b) a solute substance in the aqueous solution (10) is determined by applying the relationship obtained in (a) to a relationship between a temperature and an electrical conductivity of an individual substance obtained beforehand; and (c) a concentration of the determined substance is estimated by applying the electrical conductivity at a lowest temperature To among the measurement temperatures in (a) to a relationship between an electrical conductivity and a concentration at the same temperature To with respect to an individual substance obtained beforehand.