摘要:
In the production and collection of a product through fermentation using a separation membrane, it becomes possible to retain filter performance for the high-concentration culturing of a microbe mixture, and at the same time control microbe concentrations, by a method for producing chemicals through continuous fermentation, including washing a membrane with a washing liquid supplied from a permeate side of a membrane unit in a continuous fermentation including: filtering a culture medium containing a fermentation feedstock, a chemical and a microbe or a cultured cell through a separation membrane; collecting the chemical from a filtrate; retaining or refluxing unfiltered remains in the culture medium; and adding a fermentation feedstock to the culture medium, in which the washing liquid is high-temperature water having a temperature higher than a temperature of the culture medium and of 150°C or less, and a concentration of the microbe in a fermenter is controlled by supplying the washing liquid.
摘要:
A hollow-fiber membrane module which comprises: a cylindrical vessel having openings at the upper and lower ends; hollow-fiber membrane bundles each comprising many hollow-fiber membranes and extending upward/downward in the cylindrical vessel; a hollow-fiber fixing member which is disposed at an upper-end part of the hollow-fiber membranes and fixes the hollow-fiber membranes so as to keep the hollow of each hollow-fiber membrane open; and a hollow-fiber membrane closing member which is disposed at a lower-end part of the hollow-fiber membranes and closes the hollow of each hollow-fiber membrane, wherein the hollow-fiber membrane fixing member is fixed to the cylindrical vessel in such a state that the fixing member closes the upper-end opening of the cylindrical vessel. In the hollow-fiber membrane module, at least part of the peripheral wall of the cylindrical vessel comprises a porous member, and the peripheral wall in a lower part of the cylindrical vessel has an average rate of hole area of 25% or lower.
摘要:
The present invention can provide an electrophotographic apparatus and electrophotographic method which are less affected by dot gain, can realize smooth gray scale expression, are high in gray scale reproducibility, and are hard to generate moire. In an embodiment of the present invention, a continuous tone image is binarized by using the frequency modulation screening, to form a latent image free from the generation of moire and high in relative resolution. The latent image thus formed is developed using a liquid developer, to form a thin toner layer, for forming a toner image less in the generation of mechanical and optical dot gain.
摘要:
Disclosed is a fresh water generator for fresh water production, which is effective to prevent a membrane life from becoming worse by suppressing the load on the membrane of a second semi-permeable membrane treatment facility (3) when the concentrated water produced by the treatment of a first semi-permeable membrane treatment facility (2), and water to be treated with different osmotic pressure there from are mixed and treated with the second semi-permeable membrane treatment facility (3) by the fresh water generator which comprises a means for storing the concentrated water produced from the first semi- permeable membrane treatment facility (2) and water (B) to be treated, which is separately supplied in a storage tank A (7) and a storage tank B (8) in such a manner that the flow rate (mixture ratio) of the concentrated water to the water (B) to be treated is maintained constant, and supplying the concentrated water and the water (B) to be treated from each of the storage tanks to the second semi-permeable membrane treatment facility (3) at a predetermined flow rate in at least a treatment process for treating water (A) to be treated with the first semi-permeable membrane treatment facility (2) so as to obtain fresh water.
摘要:
Disclosed is a hollow fiber membrane module comprising a housing and a hollow fiber membrane filled in the housing, the space between the hollow fiber membrane and the housing being sealed with a sealing agent; wherein the hollow fiber membrane is made of a polysulfone based resin; a membrane surface average pore diameter is 5 nm or more and 500 nm or less; a pure water permeability coefficient under 50 kPa at 25°C is 0.05 m 3 /m 2 /hour or more and 5 m 3 /m 2 /hour or less; the sealing agent is at least one selected from a polyurethane resin and an epoxy resin; and a decrease in tensile strength after bringing the sealing agent into contact with saturated steam at 121°C for 24 hours is 25% or less. The present invention provides a hollow fiber membrane module which has sufficient durability against steam sterilization and maintains stable filtration property over a long period of time, and a method for producing a chemical substance by a continuous fermentation process, using the same.
摘要翻译:公开了一种中空纤维膜组件,其包括壳体和填充在壳体中的中空纤维膜,中空纤维膜和壳体之间的空间用密封剂密封; 其中所述中空纤维膜由聚砜基树脂制成; 膜表面平均孔径为5nm以上且500nm以下; 25℃下50kPa下的纯水渗透系数为0.05m 3 / m 2 /小时以上且5m 3 / m 2 /小时以下; 密封剂是选自聚氨酯树脂和环氧树脂中的至少一种; 使密封剂与121℃的饱和蒸气接触24小时后的拉伸强度降低为25%以下。 本发明提供一种中空纤维膜组件,其具有足够的耐蒸汽灭菌耐久性和长时间保持稳定的过滤性能的中空纤维膜组件,以及通过连续发酵工艺生产化学物质的方法。
摘要:
This invention provides a hollow fiber membrane module which can reduce pressure loss in discharging water within a module and can reduce operating power. A hollow fiber membrane bundle comprising a plurality of numbers of hollow fiber membranes are disposed within a cylindrical case having in its side face an opening part for the inflow/outflow of water, and the end of the hollow fiber membrane bundle is fixed by bonding at a position which is located in the axial direction of the cylindrical case at an outer position than the position of the opening part for the inflow/outflow of water on the side face of the cylindrical case. The hollow fiber membrane module is characterized in that a distribution cylinder provided with distribution holes is provided inward with respect to the opening part for the inflow/outflow of water on the side face of the cylindrical case and so as to surround the outer periphery of the hollow fiber membrane bundle, and grooves and/or corrugated protrusions are provided on the inner face of the distribution cylinder so as to be in communication with each other among the distribution holes.
摘要:
A method for producing a chemical through continuous fermentation, the method including: (a) culturing a cell in a culture medium in a fermentor to ferment a feedstock to produce a chemical; (b) conducting filtration of the culture medium by using a separation membrane module; (c) separating a permeate containing the chemical from the culture medium while retaining a non-permeated liquid in the fermentor, and (d) supplying a gas from at least one of a lower portion of the separation membrane module and a pipe communicating between the fermentor and the separation membrane module so as to adjust a gas linear velocity in the separation membrane module to 0.15 cm/s to 70 cm/s while supplying the separation membrane module with a liquid.