摘要:
The present invention relates to a conductive material manufacturing method and a lithium secondary battery that includes a conductive material manufactured using the same, and the conductive material manufacturing method comprises the step for removing metal impurities in a conductive material by radiating microwaves to the conductive material containing the metal impurities to convert the metal impurities into metal oxides. By converting the metal impurities contained in the conductive material into metal oxides that are inactive at the operating voltage of a battery and are not eluted in an electrolyte solution, the conductive material manufactured by the manufacturing method can enhance the performance characteristic of the battery, particularly, the capacity and lifespan characteristic thereof without concern about the elution of metal impurities and a failure of the battery due to this at a low voltage.
摘要:
Presented are systems and methods to simultaneously produce and store energy in the form of chemical products such as hydrogen and other chemical products, thereby, reducing or eliminating the need to store energy in lithium-ion batteries. In various embodiments this is accomplished by converting energy from a renewable energy source to generate and accelerate an electron beam so as to generate electromagnetic radiation at frequencies equal to absorption frequencies of chemical reactants in order to produce the desired chemical products.
摘要:
There is provided an apparatus (1) and methods for processing biomass to produce charcoal, bio-oil(s) activated carbon, recarburizer carbon, or nut coke by means of microwave energy. The apparatus has a rotatable tube (5) for receiving biomass (108), an electromagnetic generator (7). One method provides applying electromagnetic energy to the biomass (108) and an absorbing material (109). An alternative method provides allowing an indirect, black body radiation field to develop, and exposing the biomass (108) to the black body radiation field and the electromagnetic energy. Another method provides allowing plasma to form and exposing the biomass to the plasma and the electromagnetic energy. Another method provides introducing the biomass to a second container (205), introducing the second container to a first reaction container (5), applying electromagnetic energy to the biomass and an absorbing material (109), allowing a plasma to form in the first container, which heats the biomass in the second container.
摘要:
The present invention relates to a process for the conversion of a feedstock containing one or more fatty acid triglycerides to a mixture containing one or more fatty acid alkyl esters and t-alkyl glycerols, comprising reacting said feedstock with a compound of formula (I): R-O-R I (I) wherein: R I is an alkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl having 1-18 carbon atoms; R is H or a tertiary alkyl group, wherein said reaction takes place in the presence of an acid transesterification catalyst by irradiation with microwaves and/or ultrasound and/or radio waves.
摘要:
Provided is a chemical reaction apparatus having a horizontal flow-type reactor in which a content that is flowing can be prevented from flowing in a shortcut, including: a horizontal flow-type reactor 13 inside of which has been partitioned into multiple chambers by multiple partition plates, and a liquid content horizontally flows with an unfilled space being provided thereabove; a microwave generator 14 that generates microwaves; and at least one waveguide 15 that transmits the microwaves generated by the microwave generator 14 to the unfilled space in the reactor 13; wherein the content flows over each of the partition plates, and, in each chamber, a weir height on an inlet side is higher than a weir height on an outlet side by at least an overflow depth at the partition plate on the outlet side.