摘要:
A UV flame sensor for detecting a run-on condition in a flame detector tube is disclosed. The UV flame sensor comprises a pair of secondary electrodes that are enclosed in a mesotube to form a breakdown chamber in order to detect the run-on condition. These secondary electrodes are exposed to UV through an aperture in a cathode plate and are energized continuously by a lower voltage. The mesotube is expected to break down when the run-on condition occurs. The secondary electrodes can be placed in the same gas environment as the main electrodes that may take different forms, shapes and locations.
摘要:
A heating appliance control system that includes a pilot flame assembly, a main burner assembly, a gas valve, and a controller. The pilot flame assembly includes a pilot flame burner and at least one pilot flame sensor. The main burner assembly includes a main burner. The gas valve is coupled to the pilot flame and main flame burners. The controller is configured to control the variable gas valve in response to signals received from the pilot and main burner sensors. The controller is also configured to monitor a pilot flame at the pilot flame burner with the pilot flame sensor to confirm the presence of the pilot flame before activating the variable gas valve to supply gas to the main burner.
摘要:
Apparatus for monitoring a hydrocarbon flame to determine and possibly adjust its combustion stoichiometry comprises three sensors (6,8 and 10), of which one (10) is responsive to electromagnetic radiation emitted by the flame in a narrow wavelength band corresponding to a transient species only existing for a short time within the combustion region (e.g. 310 nm corresponding to OH). The other two sensors (6,8) are responsive to radiation emitted by the flame in narrow wavelength bands corresponding to non-transient species. Thus, one of the other two sensors (6) can be responsive to IR radiation emitted by a product of combustion (e.g. H 2 O at 2.9 µm), and the second one (8) can be responsive to radiation in a narrow wavelength band corresponding to a different product of combustion or to emission from the hot hydrocarbon fuel in the flame (at 3.35 µm). The ratio of the output corresponding to the radiation emitted by the transient species to the output of one of the other sensors is found to vary significantly with the air/fuel ratio in the combustion region. The ratio produced by comparing the outputs of the other two sensors (6,8), responsive to the non-transient species, is also measured. This does not vary significantly with the air/fuel ratio. In this way, a central processing unit (24) can analyse the results of the two comparisons, compare the result with stored data, indicate the air/fuel ratio, and can also automatically control the air/fuel ratio. The CPU (24) can compare the power value from each sensor signal in a predetermined frequency band. Instead, the cross-correlation coefficients can be measured for the pairs of signals compared.
摘要:
The invention concerns a process for regulating the combustion in a steam-generation facility, in which the three-dimensional temperature distribution and concentration profile of at least one reaction product created in the combustion process are determined. In the proposed process, in order to ensure even steam generation with high efficiency and low emission of harmful pollutants, a number of reference values (SWn) for the composition of the reaction mixture (B, L, H) to be fed into the combustion process are determined by fuzzy or neuro-fuzzy logic using the temperature distribution and concentration profile. A device for carrying out the process is provided with at least two optical sensors (2, 3) for picking up radiation data (D) from a combustion chamber (1) and, connected to the sensors, a data processing system (4) which is connected to a control unit (6) provided with a fuzzy or neuro-fuzzy regulator component (5).
摘要:
An actuator for a flame-safeguarded gas burner with a regulator valve comprising a first safety valve (5) driven by a magnetic assembly (10,11) with manual setting (17), a second regulator valve (7) in cascade with said first valve (5), a tapping conduit (15) intermediate to said first (5) and second (7) valves for feeding a pilot flame nozzle (16), a pilot flame detecting thermocouple (12) for powering said magnetic assembly (11) and holding said first safety valve (5) open in the presence of the pilot flame and a thermopile (21) for powering an electromagnetic device (20) driving said second valve (7).
摘要:
A radiant gas heater includes one or more gas inlets 105, for receiving gas from a gas supply and one or more air inlets 110. The heater includes gas burners 120A-120E, in which the gas is burned using oxygen admitted through the air inlets 110. One or more heat emitting elements 125A-125E are included, which emit infrared radiation using energy generated by the gas burners. One or more ionization probes 130A are provided proximal to two or more of the heat emitting elements for detecting the presence or absence of a flame. A housing 115 accommodates the gas burners, the heat emitting elements and the ionization probes. One or more control units are provided which are in electrical communication with the ionization probes and the gas inlets, the control units operable to shut off the gas supply if the ionization probes detect the absence of a flame.
摘要:
The invention relates to a flame monitoring device especially for oil burners. The inventive device disposes of a flame detecting element (14) and of a flame intensifier. According to the invention, the flame detecting element (14) is located in the vicinity of a burner mixing head. In particular, it is integrated in a blast connection (10) provided with or without oil preheating. The flame intensifier is located at a distance from the flame detecting element (14) and from the blast connection (10).