摘要:
A system and method for using terahertz radiation to detect and monitor a substance undergoing a change in phase from a liquid phase to a solid phase or vice-versa is disclosed. By employing terahertz radiation in either the pulsed mode or in the continuous-wave (CW) mode, the system can non-invasively monitor these changes. The system uses the principle that matter in a liquid state will absorb and attenuate terahertz radiation to a larger degree than matter in a semisolid or solid state. Most terahertz radiation absorption occurs due to the rotational motions of molecules, i.e. either whole molecules or groups of atoms rotating about molecular bonds.
摘要:
The free fatty acid content of an edible oil is measured by a system (12). This system (12) includes a supply of a carrier solution (20) containing an organic solvent for dissolving the oil and a color indicating reagent. An oil sample (16) is supplied to a flow-through colorimetric detector (50) via a sample injection valve (36). The sample injection valve (36) is movable between a load position and a measured position. In the load position, a sample stream of the oil is routed to a sample waste collector (42) via a sample loop (38) and a stream of the carrier solution passes through the detector (50) via a carrier solution conduit (40). In the measure position, a slug of the oil in the sample loop (38) is introduced into the carrier solution conduit (40) and mixed with the carrier solution prior to passing through the detector (50).
摘要:
The invention relates to a method for determining the spin state of a spin transition compound by means of irradiation with light in a defined wavelength range in order to bring about an interaction between the light and the spin transition compound, detection of changes in the properties of the light, said changes being caused by said interaction, and correlation of said changes with the spin state of the compound, wherein a chiral transition metal complex having chiro-optical properties that are variable depending on the spin state is used as spin transition compound, the irradiation is carried out using polarized light and the changes in the properties of the light are correlated with the chiro-optical properties of the compound, characterized in that the irradiation is carried out using linearly polarized light and a change in the polarization direction of the light is detected and this is correlated with the spin state of the compound.
摘要:
A curable composition having a polythiol; at least one unsaturated compound comprising two or more carbon-carbon double bonds, carbon-carbon triple bonds, or a combination thereof; and a dye compound represented by formula: A crosslinked composition prepared from the curable composition, a method for indicating curing ina curable composition, and a method of stabilizing a curable composition comprising a polythiol and at least one unsaturated compound comprising two or more carbon-carbon double bonds, carbon-carbon triple bonds, or a combination thereof are also disclosed.
摘要:
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur optischen Kontrolle des Verlaufs eines auf einer Oberfläche eines Körpers erfolgenden physikalischen und/oder chemischen Prozesses, bei dem eine von einem Teil der Oberfläche während des physikalischen und/oder chemischen Prozesses ausgehende Oberflächenstrahlung mit Hilfe einer Messeinrichtung, insbesondere eines Sensors, gemessen wird. Um ein derartiges Verfahren so auszubilden, dass Sinterprozesse auch in einem sich in einem thermischen Strahlungsgleichgewicht befindlichen Brennofen kontrollierbar sind, schlägt die Erfindung vor, dass während des physikalischen und/oder chemischen Prozesses (12) die Strahlung (14) mit einem von der Oberflächenstrahlung (13) abweichenden Strahlungsspektrum von einer Strahlungsquelle (15) auf die Oberfläche (10) gegeben und mittels der Messeinrichtung (16) gemessen wird.
摘要:
The invention provides a method for the determination of the phase change characteristics of a hazardous material, the method comprising optically recording images of a sample of the material and objectively evaluating the images. The phase change characteristics generally relate to a solid/liquid or liquid/solid phase change, and the method finds particular application in the determination of the crystallisation points of hazardous materials, most particularly radioactive materials. The images are typically recorded by means of a camera, and evaluated using a computer, which is able to objectively determine the point at which a phase change is first seen to occur, and thereby provide accurate, reliable and objective data.
摘要:
An apparatus for detecting a phase transition of a food sample includes: a support base for supporting a food sample which contains moisture and which is able to undergo phase transition between a solid and a liquid; a light penetration unit for permitting near-infrared light containing a light having a wavelength of absorption peak of water and a light having a wavelength of absorption peak of ice to penetrate into the food sample supported by the support base; a spectroscopic unit for dispersing the near-infrared light which is from the light penetration unit and which has transmitted and reflected in the food sample, and measuring a light intensity over a time; an absorbance-and-ice-weight-ratio calculation unit for calculating, on the basis of a spectroscopic data of the near-infrared light obtained by the spectroscopic unit, an absorbance of water and an absorbance of ice in the food sample and calculating an ice weight ratio with respect to a frozen moisture; an absorbance differential calculation unit for calculating a differential of the absorbance of water and a differential of the absorbance of ice which are calculated by the absorbance-and-ice-weight-ratio calculation unit; a calibration curve preparation unit for preparing a calibration curve on the basis of the differential of the absorbance calculated by the absorbance differential calculation unit and the ice weight ratio with respect to the frozen moisture calculated by the absorbance-and-ice-weight-ratio calculation unit; and an ice-weight-ratio estimation unit for estimating, on the basis of the calibration curve prepared by the calibration curve preparation unit, an unknown ice weight ratio from a differential of the absorbance calculated from the absorbance calculated by the absorbance-and-ice-weight-ratio calculation unit.
摘要:
Es werden ein Verfahren und eine Messeinrichtung (300) zum berührungslosen Bestimmen einer Eigenschaft eines Gegenstands (102), insbesondere eine Probe oder Schicht (102) auf einem Substrat (104), vorgestellt. Dabei wird Laserlicht (106) auf den Gegenstand (102) projiziert und durch das Laserlicht (106) erzeugtes Licht über einen Strahlteiler (100) räumlich selektiv erfasst.
摘要:
Verfahren zur Analyse einer Flüssigkeit aus einem Flüssigkeitsstrom oder - Vorrat, gekennzeichnet durch die folgenden Schritte: - Überführen einer Probe aus dem Flüssigkeitsstrom oder -Vorrat in die Gasphase, - Einleiten der gasförmigen Probe in einen Meßbereich (14), - Analyse der gasförmigen Probe hinsichtlich mindestens eines Bestandteils.
摘要:
A system and method for using terahertz radiation to detect and monitor a substance undergoing a change in phase from a liquid phase to a solid phase or vice-versa is disclosed. By employing terahertz radiation in either the pulsed mode or in the continuous-wave (CW) mode, the system can non-invasively monitor these changes. The system uses the principle that matter in a liquid state will absorb and attenuate terahertz radiation to a larger degree than matter in a semisolid or solid state. Most terahertz radiation absorption occurs due to the rotational motions of molecules, i.e. either whole molecules or groups of atoms rotating about molecular bonds.