摘要:
A high-pressure fluorescence flow cell comprises a cell body made of a light-transmissive material, wherein the cell body is penetrated by a straight-line flow path for a high-pressure fluid, wherein the flow path is formed with a cross section of 0.1 mm 2 to 5 mm 2 , both inclusive, orthogonal to its longitudinal direction, wherein the ratio t/d of the wall thickness t (mm) to the width d (mm) of the flow path satisfies formula (1) below, t d ≧ 1 2 × σ + P σ - P - 1 × 1.5 where σ indicates the tensile stress (MPa) of the material of the cell body, and P indicates the withstand pressure (MPa) of the cell body.
摘要:
The object of the present invention is to measure the silanol group concentration in silicon compound, rapidly and at a high accuracy by infrared spectrophotometry. A silicon compound, when comes in contact with, for example, water in the air, reacts therewith immediately, forming a silanol group. Therefore, in measurement of the silanol group concentration in silicon compound, it is necessary that the sample to be measured is not contacted with the air and that the very small amount of water adhering to the inside of a sample cell is removed completely. In the present invention, the removal of water inside the cell in a short time has been made possible by use of a pressure-resistant cell. The first aspect of the present invention lies in: a method for measurement of silanol group concentration in silicon compound by infrared spectrophotometry, which comprises: conducting, prior to filling of a silicon compound in a cell, at least twice each of a step of keeping the cell inside at 20 Pa or lower and a step of keeping the cell inside at 0.2 to 1 MPa, then, introducing the silicon compound into the cell and measuring the infrared absorption spectrum thereof, to measure the concentration of the silanol group in the silicon compound. The second aspect of the present invention lies in: a cell used for measurement of infrared absorption spectrum, which can withstand a reduced pressure of 20 Pa or lower and a pressure of 0.2 to 1 MPa.
摘要:
A liquid sample analyzer with a flow-through liquid waveguide cell is described. The light source is fiber coupled to a liquid waveguide or light pipe. The light pipe can be remotely located and fiber coupled to the spectrometer so that the light source is thermally isolated making the spectrometer easily thermally stabilized, and the dispersion minimized. The liquid waveguide cell includes a light pipe that has a lower index of refraction than the liquid flowing through the light pipe. Light is input into the liquid waveguide by an optical fiber that is coupled to the liquid waveguide. The optical fiber diameter and the light pipe core diameter and spaceing are selected to provide coupling of all light modes transmitted through the optical fiber into the light pipe. The output light is received by an optical fiber which is arranged to receive all of the light transmitted through the light pipe. The light output from the light pipe is fiber-coupled to the spectrometer with a fiber bundle that is arranged in the form of a slit at the distal end or entrance aperture of the spectrometer.
摘要:
The present invention relates to a device for measuring both the colour and turbidity of a liquid sample. (16,40,48) LEDs are used as light sources and reference detectors (13,44) are included to control the output of the LEDs. The device is also capable of monitoring and correcting for fouling of optical surfaces. The device is intended to be installed in-line in a main water supply line. The device can be used in domestic water meters or on sewage treatment sites to monitor the effluent discharged back to the river.
摘要:
The invention relates to a compact precision measuring head for measuring the refractive index in liquids and gases with an extremely high degree of accuracy, under environmental pressures of 1000 bar and greater. The measuring head consists of a single-block (1) glass reference prism connected to a stable high-pressure bulkhead fitting (2) which serves as the linking element between the measuring medium and the pressure-resistant interior of the instrument housing, said housing containing the optoelectronic assemblies for generating the electric measuring signals for the subsequent calculation of the desired refractive index values. The measuring head is designed in particular for economic, automatic mass production on computerized machines. Absolute calibration takes place using normal liquids and/or gases to an accuracy of approximately 10?-6...10-7¿.
摘要:
A liquid sample analyzer with a flow-through liquid waveguide cell is described. The light source is fiber coupled to a liquid waveguide or light pipe. The light pipe can be remotely located and fiber coupled to the spectrometer so that the light source is thermally isolated making the spectrometer easily thermally stabilized, and the dispersion minimized. The liquid waveguide cell includes a light pipe that has a lower index of refraction than the liquid flowing through the light pipe. Light is input into the liquid waveguide by an optical fiber that is coupled to the liquid waveguide. The optical fiber diameter and the light pipe core diameter and spaceing are selected to provide coupling of all light modes transmitted through the optical fiber into the light pipe. The output light is received by an optical fiber which is arranged to receive all of the light transmitted through the light pipe. The light output from the light pipe is fiber-coupled to the spectrometer with a fiber bundle that is arranged in the form of a slit at the distal end or entrance aperture of the spectrometer.
摘要:
The invention relates to a pressure-proof process window (1) for visual or spectroscopic examinations of pressurized products in conduits and reactors. The process window consists of at least one detector cell body (2) that is linked with the conduit or the reactor and a transparent window pane (3). A seal (4) is interposed between the detector cell body (2) and the window pane (3) and seals the interior of the reactor or conduit from the surroundings. Said window pane (3) is sealingly pressed against the detector cell body (2) by means of a screw cylinder (5) with an outer thread (6) that is screwed into a hollow cylinder (7) with an inner thread (8) that is linked with the detector cell body (2).
摘要:
A spectrophotometer is provided with a deuterium lamp (20) which emits a beam (32) comprising radiation of a plurality of frequencies. The beam (32) passes through a filter (34) for selecting the wavelength of the light desired to be incident onto a sample and then onto a beam splitting plate (26) which diverts a relatively small fraction of the beam (28) to a first reference photocell (30). The remaining portion of the beam (32) is incident directly on a sample tube (54). The sample tube (54) may be so designed that its transparent walls form a lens focussing the beam (32) on the sample to be tested. The beam (32) then passes through the further wall of the sample tube (54) and is detected by a second testing photocell (42), the output of which may be compared to the output of the reference photocell (30) to provide a signal indicative of the relative amplitude of the testing beam. The reference photocell (30) may be used to insure that the intensity of the beam (32) incident on the beam splitter (26) remains constant over time so that values output by the testing photocell (42) may be comparable to measurements taken at a later time, without the use of a reference sample for calibration purposes. The sample cell (54) is constructed so as to allow the use of the instrument in on-line applications in high pressure systems.