摘要:
The invention relates to an ultraviolet radiation lamp. The lamp comprises a substantially sealed cavity comprising a mercury-containing material; a filament disposed in the sealed cavity; and an electrical control element in contact with the filament, the electrical control element configured to adjust or maintain a temperature of the mercury-containing material with respect to a prescribed temperature. Such a constructions allows the present ultraviolet radiation lamp to be operated at optimal efficiency without the need to use additional components to add heat to and/or remove heat from the mercury-containing material.
摘要:
Preferably, obtaining internal and external thermal measurement values of a sealed process chamber (168) allows a control system (202) to generate a control signal based on a comparison of the internal and external thermal measurement values to the predetermined value. The control signal is provided to a fluid handling system (216), wherein the fluid handling system modulates flow of a first fluid around the exterior of the sealed process chamber. The control signal is further provided to a closed loop heat exchange system (220), wherein the closed loop heat exchange system modulates flow of a second fluid within an interior cavity of the sealed process chamber based on the control signal. The control signal is still further provided to an open loop heat exchange system (218), wherein the open loop heat exchange system modulates flow of a third fluid within the interior cavity of the sealed process chamber.
摘要:
Turbulent mixing condensation devices (10), methods, and systems (200) adapted to condense a working fluid on particles from a sample gas to enlarge the particles for subsequent detection are provided. The devices (10) includes a vapor generator (12) adapted to produce a working-fluid saturated carrier gas and a condensation chamber (14). The working-fluid saturated carrier gas is mixed with a sample gas containing particles to be detected and is then introduced to the condensation chamber (14). The operating conditions are controlled to enhance the condensation of the working fluid on the particles. The particles are typically forwarded to a particle detection device (226) to detect at least one characteristic, for example, the size, of the particles. The flow of carrier gas to the vapor generator (12) may be regulated to vary the degree of saturation of the carrier gas with working fluid.
摘要:
The invention relates to an ultraviolet radiation lamp. The lamp comprises a substantially sealed cavity comprising a mercury-containing material; a filament disposed in the sealed cavity; and an electrical control element in contact with the filament, the electrical control element configured to adjust or maintain a temperature of the mercury-containing material with respect to a prescribed temperature. Such a constructions allows the present ultraviolet radiation lamp to be operated at optimal efficiency without the need to use additional components to add heat to and/or remove heat from the mercury-containing material.
摘要:
Dispositif de contrôle de la température des gas d'échappement d'un véhicule à moteur implanté au niveau du catalyseur et destiné à prévenir la surchauffe de ce dernier. Ce dispositif se compose d'un thermocouple (1), d'un poste de contrôle (13) et d'un cable (3) muni d'une prise lui permettant d'être raccordé au système électrique du véhicule. Le poste de contrôle (13) est logé dans un boîtier métallique (2) de forme cylindrique étanche au fluide muni de deux ouvertures axiales opposées (5, 6), tandis que le thermocouple est raccordé directement à l'entrée du poste de contrôle (13) par l'un desdits orifices (5) et que le câble (3) est raccordé directement au poste de contrôle (13) par l'orifice opposé (6) du boîtier étanche (2). Le raccordement direct entre le thermocouple (1) et le poste de contrôle (2) peut être réalisé par un câble de connexion de thermocouple (15) pourvu d'un isolant minéral (20) ou par une longueur de câble blindé (7) insérée entre le câble de raccordement (15) du thermocouple doté d'un isolant minéral et le poste de contrôle (13).
摘要:
Disclosed is a hot tip catheter having minimal tip dissociation, which reaches and consistently maintains very high temperatures. The catheter body is formed of spirally wound metal wire (2) which is relatively flat, each spiral substantially in contact with the next, to improve column strength, and is sealed with teflon (21) and a distal collar (22). The hot tip (3) is also formed of metal and is welded to the catheter body to eliminate dissociation of the tip. Heating is a accomplished by a catalytic reaction of H₂ and O₂ at the tip monitored via a thermocoupler, and the catheter body includes a gas inlet lumen (connected to a gas generator) and a vacuum outlet lumen (connected to a vacuum pump) to input the gas and remove the heat by-products, respectively. A temperature control loop is preferably included which regulates the inflow of gas to the catheter, and the temperature of the tip.
摘要:
Bei einem Verfahren zum Beheizen von strangförmigem Metallgut (2), z.B. strangförmigem Aluminium, beim schrittweisen Durchlauf durch mehrere in Reihe hintereinander liegende, getrennt steuerbare Heizzonen (A,B,C), für die jeweils eine Solltemperatur vorgegeben und an einer Kontrollmeßstelle überwacht wird, wobei das strangförmige Metallgut (2) nach Erreichen der Solltemperaturen zum Abscheren eines Blockes der Länge X um die Strekke A + X vorwärtsgefördert und nach dem Abscheren des Blockes um die Länge A zurückgefördert wird, wobei A der Abstand zwischen den vor dem Vorwärtsfördern in der letzten Heizzone (d) liegenden vorderen Ende des Metallguts und der Schere (3) ist, werden zumindest in der ersten Heizzone (A) an der Oberfläche des Metallguts unmittelbar vor dem Vorwärtsfördern dessen Temperaturen an der Kontrollmeßstelle dieser Heizzone sowie an einer demgegenüber um die Strecke L nach rückwärts versetzten Meßstelle erfaßt, wobei L≧ X ist. Aus diesen beiden Temperaturmessungen wird der Temperaturgradient bestimmt. Davon ausgehend wird die Heizleistung ermittelt und aufgebracht, die nach dem Vorwärtsfördern um die Strecke A + X und dem Rückwärtsfördern um die Strecke A wenigstens an der Kontrollmeßstelle der ersten Heizzone im wesentlichen wieder die Solltemperatur ergibt. Die erforderliche Heizleistung kann auf der Basis dieser Messungen auch für die folgende bzw. die folgenden Heizzonen errechnet werden, wobei hierfür die Bestimmung eines Temperaturgradienten zwischen den Kontrollmeßstellen aufeinanderfolgender Heizzonen hilfreich sein kann.
摘要:
A power control device for controlling power to resistance heaters (2, 20) in a chamber (1) in which the temperature is to be controlled and a pressure tank (19) uses a microprocessor (7) adapted to provide a temperature setting means (8) which inputs a desired temperature. The power consumed by the heater in the chamber is measured by a circuit (10, 12, 11) and compared with a desired power level calculated by the microprocessor. Temperature measuring means (4) in the chamber (1) provides a signal compared with the desired temperature. The microprocessor synchronizes an A.C. current signal and allows a triac (17) to fire for a calculated portion of each phase of A.C. current to provide power to the heater in the chamber such that the temperature therein is accurately controlled and maintained. When subambient temperatures such as -150°C are required the microprocessor controls another triac (28) in a similar manner to control power to the heater in the pressure tank which contains coolant for feeding to the chamber. The pressure in the tank is monitored and compared with a desired pressure level calculated by the microprocessor.