摘要:
A method and apparatus wherein the method comprises: providing at least one electrode within a semiconductor layer wherein the semiconductor layer is provided on a first side of a wafer; thinning the wafer to produce a thinned wafer; providing graphene on a second side of the thinned wafer; attaching the semiconductor layer to an electrical interface on the first side of the thinned wafer; and providing at least one electrical connection from the graphene to the electrical interface so as to form a transistor comprising the at least one electrode and the graphene.
摘要:
An apparatus, comprising a quantum dot graphene field effect transistor configured to operate in such a way that photons incident thereon cause electron-hole pairs to be formed; a connector element connected to the back gate of the quantum dot graphene field effect transistor; a switch element configured to function as an output switch in order to provide an output for a current flowing through the quantum dot graphene field effect transistor; wherein the quantum dot graphene field effect transistor is configured to be back gate biased via the connector element connected to the back gate in such a way that the electrons or the holes formed are trapped in an at least one quantum dot and respectively the holes or the electrons migrate to the channel of the quantum dot field effect transistor; and wherein a drain to source voltage connected to the quantum dot graphene field effect transistor causes a current proportional to the charge of the holes or electrons trapped at the quantum dots by the electrons or holes to flow in the channel.
摘要:
An apparatus comprises a graphene film (220); a first arrangement of quantum dots (230) of a first type located in contact with the graphene film (220) as a first monolayer; a second arrangement of quantum dots (230) of a second type located in contact with the graphene film (220) as a second monolayer; an input voltage source (V dd ) connected to an end of the graphene film (220); and an output voltage probe (260) connected to the graphene film (220) between the first arrangement of quantum dots (230) and the second arrangement of quantum dots (230).
摘要:
A backplane has an array of output terminals arranged on an output surface of the backplane, and an array of solid state optical switches, each optical switch corresponding to one of the output terminals, wherein the solid state optical switches are responsive to light (93) of a control wavelength and are transparent to light (103) of a sensing wavelength, wherein the backplane is of a material transparent to light (103) of the sensing wavelength different from the control wavelength.
An optical system (90) includes a backplane having an array of optocouplers, a projector (92) to generate light (93) of a control wavelength to which the optocouplers are responsive, optics (94) to direct the control light (93) onto the array of optocouplers on the backplane, and an imaging system responsive to light (103) of a sensing wavelength, wherein the backplane is at least partially transparent to light (103) of the sensing wavelength.
摘要:
A photodetector capable of detecting long wavelength radiation, comprising a source disposed on a proximal end of an insulation layer; a drain disposed on a distal end of the insulation layer; at least one nano-assembly coupling the source and the drain between the proximal and distal ends; and at least two surface plasmon waveguides positioned between the source and the drain and juxtaposed to the at least one nano-assembly in a longitudinal direction of the at least one nano-assembly, wherein one of the at least two surface plasmon waveguides is positioned along a first side of the at least one nano-assembly, and another of the at least two surface plasmon waveguides is positioned along a second side of the at least one nano-assembly that is opposite the first side.
摘要:
A composite nanoparticle (1) comprises an inner core (3) made of a transparent dielectric material, a first coating layer (5) made of a plasmonic material which overlays the inner core (3) and a second coating layer (7) made of a semiconductor material overlaying the first coating layer (5). Incident light is absorbed by generating surface plasmons at a boundary (4) between the inner core (3) and the first coating layer (5) and at a boundary (6) between the first coating layer (5) and the second coating layer (6) in order to increase the light absorption and thus the exciton generation by the second coating layer (7). The structure of composite particle (1) also allows for tuning of the resonance of the surface plasmons which tunes the frequency of light, or other electromagnetic radiation, that is detected. A photodetector for detecting the absorbed light comprises a channel (25) which is a layer of a two-dimensional material between a source electrode (23) and a drain electrode (24), and a layer (27) of a plurality of composite particles (1). The layer (27) acts as a photogate of the field effect transistor (21).
摘要:
A light-emitting diode chip comprising a semiconductor layer sequence (5) comprising a phosphide compound semiconductor material is specified, wherein the semiconductor layer sequence (5) contains a p-type semiconductor region (2), an n-type semiconductor region (4) and an active layer (3) arranged between the p-type semiconductor region (2) and the n-type semiconductor region (4) and serving for emitting electromagnetic radiation. The n-type semiconductor region (4) faces a radiation exit area (6) of the light-emitting diode chip, and the p‑type semiconductor region (2) faces a carrier (7) of the light-emitting diode chip. A current spreading layer (1) having a thickness of less than 500 nm is arranged between the carrier (7) and the p‑type semiconductor region (2), said current spreading layer having one or a plurality of p‑doped Al x Ga 1-x As layers where 0.5
摘要:
A CMOS pixel with a dual gate PMOS is formed by forming two P + regions in an N - well. The N - well is in a P - type substrate. The two P + regions form the source and drain of a PMOS transistor. The PMOS transistors formed within the N - well will not affect the collection of the photo-generated carriers as long as the source and drain potentials of the PMOS transistors are set at a lower potential than the N - well potential so that they remain reverse biased with respect to the N - well. One of the P + regions used to form the source and drain regions can be used to reset the pixel after it has been read in preparation for the next cycle of accumulating photo-generated carriers. The N - well forms a second gate for the dual gate PMOS transistor since the potential of the N - well 12 affects the conductivity of the channel of the PMOS transistor. The addition of two NMOS transistors enables the readout signal to be stored at the gate of one of the NMOS transistors thereby making a snapshot imager possible. The circuit can be expanded to form two PMOS transistors sharing a common drain in the N - well.