摘要:
A control apparatus for controlling RF power supplied to first and second loads is provided. The control apparatus includes a first symmetric hybrid junction (36) having a first port (34) for receiving input RF power, a second port (42) coupled to a first load (14) and a third port (38) coupled to a dummy load (40). The control apparatus further includes a second symmetric hybrid junction (52) having a first port (50) coupled to a fourth port (44) of the first symmetric hybrid junction (36) and a third port (54) coupled to the second load (16). First and second variable short circuits (58, 62) are respectively coupled to second and fourth ports (56, 60) of the second symmetric hybrid junction (52). RF power reflected by the first and second variable short circuits (58, 62) is controllably directed through the second symmetric hybrid junction (52) to the second load (16). The amplitude and phase of the RF power supplied to the second load (16) can be controlled independently. In a preferred embodiment, the first and second loads (14, 16) are first and second accelerator guide sections (1, 2) of a linear accelerator (10), and the control apparatus (66) is used to control the output beam energy (20) of the linear accelerator (10).
摘要:
A control apparatus for controlling RF power supplied to first and second loads is provided. The control apparatus includes a first symmetric hybrid junction (36) having a first port (34) for receiving input RF power, a second port (42) coupled to a first load (14) and a third port (38) coupled to a dummy load (40). The control apparatus further includes a second symmetric hybrid junction (52) having a first port (50) coupled to a fourth port (44) of the first symmetric hybrid junction (36) and a third port (54) coupled to the second load (16). First and second variable short circuits (58, 62) are respectively coupled to second and fourth ports (56, 60) of the second symmetric hybrid junction (52). RF power reflected by the first and second variable short circuits (58, 62) is controllably directed through the second symmetric hybrid junction (52) to the second load (16). The amplitude and phase of the RF power supplied to the second load (16) can be controlled independently. In a preferred embodiment, the first and second loads (14, 16) are first and second accelerator guide sections (1, 2) of a linear accelerator (10), and the control apparatus (66) is used to control the output beam energy (20) of the linear accelerator (10).
摘要:
An ion therapy system comprises a particle accelerator (1) mounted on a rotatable gantry (2). The particle accelerator includes a superconducting coil (17) which is rotates about its axis as the particle accelerator rotates about the gantry axis in use to direct an output beam towards a target from different directions. The particle accelerator is rotatable through (180) degrees to move the beam through a corresponding arc. The particle accelerator includes cooling system arranged to cool the coil as the coil rotates. The superconducting coil (17) is mounted in a coil support (25). The coil is surrounded by a cryogen chamber (32) which is located radially outwardly from the coil (17) on the other side of the support (25). The cryogen chamber is in fluid communication with a cryogen recondensing unit (29) whereby vaporized cryogen may flow from the cryogen chamber (32) to the cryogen recondensing unit (29) to be recondensed in use before returning to the cryogen chamber. Thermally conductive means (40) is arranged to facilitate heat transfer from the superconducting coil (17) to the cryogen chamber (32) to vaporize cryogen contained therein in use and thereby remove heat from the coil
摘要:
A small-sized lightweight electron accelerator (2, 40, 60) providing a strong electron beam and using fixed-field strong focusing, comprising a vacuum vessel (10), an electromagnet (20) disposed in the vacuum vessel (10), an electron beam injecting unit (11) for injecting an electron beam into the vacuum vessel (10), an accelerator (13) for accelerating the electron beam, and an electron beam transporting unit (26) for transporting the accelerated electron beam from the vacuum vessel (10). The electromagnet (20) is a strong-focusing electromagnet composed of a focusing electromagnet (21) and diverging electromagnets (22) disposed on both sides of the focusing electromagnet (21), or composed of a focusing electromagnet (21) and diverging units disposed on both sides of the focusing electromagnet (21). An inner target (25) for generating X-ray radiation is disposed in the vacuum vessel (10) immediately in front of the electron beam transporting unit (26) so as to selectively take out the accelerated beam and the X-ray radiation. Thus an electron beam of 1 to 10 mA that is 10 or more times that of conventional electron beam accelerators can be produced with an accelerating voltage of 10 MeV. Consequently a radiotherapy apparatus (1) capable of applying an electron beam to a tumor tissue in a short time that is 1/10 or less of conventional ones.
摘要:
A method is described wherein the acceleration of a beam of charged particles is achieved using the properties of conductors to limit the penetration of magnetic and electric fields in short times compared to natural time constants. This allows the use of induction electric fields with a Curl localized to a gap to accelerate particles while coupling the accelerated beam to a power supply. Two methods of coupling the particle beam to the power supply are disclosed as exemplary.
摘要:
A modulator circuit for a betatron includes an independent low voltage D.C. power supply, an intermediate low voltage capacitor connected to one side of the betatron winding, and a high voltage capacitor connected to the other side of the betatron winding. Unidirectional current devices normally permit current flow from the voltage capacitor, through the betatron winding to the high voltage capacitor. Energy is thereby transferred from the power supply and low voltage capacitor through the betatron winding to the high voltage capacitor. Switches are provided selectively to reverse the direction of current flow and thereby discharge the energy stored in both capacitors into the betatron winding to excite the betatron magnetic circuit. Upon discharge of the high voltage capacitor, the unidirectional current devices once again restore normal current flow, so that the energy stored in the betatron electromagnet is returned to the high voltage capacitor. Repetition of this charging/discharging/recovery cycle pumps up the charge on the high voltage capacitor and multiplies the voltage.