Abstract:
A continuous thin film dynode includes a substrate with at least one channel having a channel wall, an isolation layer overlying the channel wall, and a thin film overlying the isolation layer. The thin film includes a current carrying portion and an electron emissive portion overlying the current carrying portion. The electron emissive portion is essentially free of a material which is silica-rich, alkali-rich, and lead-poor. The current carrying portion is essentially free of a material which is lead-rich.
Abstract:
A microchannel plate and method is disclosed. In a preferred embodiment the microchannel plate is a water of anisotropically etchable material having been subjected to a directionally applied flux of reactive particles against at least one face of the wafer in selected areas corresponding to microchannel locations. The flux removes material from the selected areas to produce microchannels in the wafer in accordance with the directionality of the applied flux.
Abstract:
Microchannel plates (MCPs) and channel electron multipliers (CEMs) having channels etched by a directionally applied flux of reactive particles are disclosed. The channels are activated with thin film dynodes. Various embodiments including monolithic and stacked devices are disclosed. Activation of the channels is achieved by various techniques including CVD, LPD and native growth by oxidation.
Abstract:
The invention is directed to continuous dynodes formed by thin-film processing techniques. According to one embodiment of the invention, a continuous dynode is formed by reacting a chemical vapor in the presence of a substrate at a temperature and pressure sufficient to result in chemical vapor deposition. In another embodiment, the layer is formed by liquid phase deposition and in another embodiment, the layer is formed by nitriding or oxidizing a substrate.
Abstract:
A micromachined electron multiplier is disclosed wherein a substrate has at least one trench formed therein and an aperture cover is disposed on the substrate with at least one inlet aperture aligned with one end of the channel. Either the substrate or the apertured cover may have an outlet aperture formed therein. A variety of channel shapes, and arrays are disclosed as well as a solid state photomultiplier tube formed with an integrated radiation window and anode structure.
Abstract:
Manufacture of a microchannel plate may be improved using photoelectrochemical etching and thin film activation such as CVD and nitriding and oxidizing wall surface portions of pores formed in the substrate. The pore pattern may be changed by oxidizing and etching the substrate prior to activation.
Abstract:
The present invention discloses a method for constructing a completely micromachined MCP that is activated with thin-film dynodes wherein the interchannel regions are first dry etched in the substrate, resulting in channel pillars. The etched portions of the substrate are then back filled and the channel pillars are thereafter removed to produce a micromachined perforated microchannel plate. The technique may be employed to produce an active element for an integrated image tube or photomultiplier tube.
Abstract:
Optical fibers are produced with improved cross sectional circularity. In the course of the fabrication process, the tubular preform from which the fibers are drawn, is collapsed under positive internal pressure. This removes most cross sectional noncircularities that may have developed during fabrication of the preform, and also ensures the collapse of the preform to a structure with circular cross section.
Abstract:
A single mode optical transmission line consisting of a core and a clad, both formed from essentially the same type of multicomponent glass, e.g. borosilicate, for use with electromagnetic energy having a wavelength between 0.5.mu.m and 2.0.mu.m. The core has a higher refractive index than the clad because the relative concentrations of the constituents of the glass composition are varied between core and clad, e.g., the ratio of SiO.sub.2 /B.sub.2 O.sub.3 concentrations is higher in the core than in the clad.
Abstract translation:由芯和包层组成的单模光传输线,两者均由基本上相同类型的多组分玻璃形成,例如, 硼硅酸盐,用于波长在0.5μm和2.0μm之间的电磁能。 芯的折射率比包层高,因为玻璃组合物的组分的相对浓度在芯和包层之间是变化的,例如,芯的比例高于包层中的SiO 2 / B 2 O 3浓度。