公开(公告)号：US06369923B1

公开(公告)日：2002-04-09

申请号：US09641037

申请日：2000-08-16

Applicant: Chien-Yu Kuo ,  Tai S. Chen ,  Niraj Gupta

Inventor： Chien-Yu Kuo ,  Tai S. Chen ,  Niraj Gupta

IPC: H04J1402

CPC classification number: H04B10/564 ,  H04B10/504 ,  H04B10/572 ,  H04J14/0221 ,  H04Q11/0005 ,  H04Q2011/0016 ,  H04Q2011/0018 ,  H04Q2011/0024

Abstract: The present invention provides for an optical transmission system for generating light signals at a plurality of predetermined wavelengths on an output fiber. The system has a plurality of modulated laser sources coupled to the output fiber and a feedback loop connected to the output fiber. The feedback loop includes a first subloop which generates electrical signals indicative of a total amount of light carried on the output fiber, and a second subloop which generates electrical signals indicative of an amount of light carried on the output fiber at the predetermined wavelengths. A control unit coupled to the plurality of laser sources receives the electrical signals from the first and second subloops and adjusts the laser source output wavelengths so that the output of each laser source is centered at one of the predetermined wavelengths. A comb filter is in the second subloop for transmitting light signals at the predetermined wavelengths.

Abstract translation: 本发明提供一种用于在输出光纤上产生多个预定波长的光信号的光传输系统。 该系统具有耦合到输出光纤的多个调制激光源和连接到输出光纤的反馈回路。 反馈回路包括产生指示输出光纤上携带的光的总量的电信号的第一子环，以及产生指示在预定波长上输出光纤上承载的光量的电信号的第二子环。 耦合到多个激光源的控制单元接收来自第一和第二子环的电信号，并且调节激光源输出波长，使得每个激光源的输出以预定波长中的一个为中心。 第二子环中的梳状滤波器用于以预定波长传输光信号。

公开(公告)号：US06222861B1

公开(公告)日：2001-04-24

申请号：US09145927

申请日：1998-09-03

Applicant: Chien-Yu Kuo ,  Niraj Gupta

Inventor： Chien-Yu Kuo ,  Niraj Gupta

IPC: H01S310

CPC classification number: H04B10/505 ,  H01S5/0687 ,  H04B10/506 ,  H04B10/572

Abstract: A method and apparatus for controlling the wavelength of a laser. Initially, the wavelength of the laser is coarsely tuned to within a predetermined window around a specified wavelength. After coarse adjustment, a wavelength control loop is activated to finely tune and lock the laser wavelength. In an embodiment, the control loop dithers the wavelength of the optical carrier signal from the laser. The optical carrier signal is then modulated (i.e., with data) in the normal manner. A portion of the modulated optical signal is filtered and detected. The amplitude and phase of the detected signal, which comprises the error signal, is processed and averaged. The averaged signal is then summed with a dither signal to provide a composite signal. A control signal corresponding to the composite signal is then generated and used to adjust the laser wavelength.

Abstract translation: 一种用于控制激光波长的方法和装置。 最初，将激光的波长粗略地调整到围绕特定波长的预定窗口内。 在粗调之后，激活波长控制环以微调和锁定激光波长。 在一个实施例中，控制环路使来自激光器的光载波信号的波长抖动。 然后以正常方式调制光载波信号（即，用数据）。 调制光信号的一部分被滤波和检测。 包括误差信号的检测信号的振幅和相位被处理并平均。 然后将平均信号与抖动信号相加以提供复合信号。 然后产生对应于复合信号的控制信号并用于调整激光波长。

公开(公告)号：US06563846B1

公开(公告)日：2003-05-13

申请号：US09656580

申请日：2000-09-06

Applicant: Chien-Yu Kuo ,  Niraj Gupta

Inventor： Chien-Yu Kuo ,  Niraj Gupta

IPC: H01S313

CPC classification number: H04Q11/0005 ,  H04B10/1149 ,  H04B10/504 ,  H04B10/564 ,  H04B10/572 ,  H04J14/0221 ,  H04Q2011/0016 ,  H04Q2011/0018 ,  H04Q2011/0024

Abstract: For optical transmitters in DWDM network systems, a method of operating the semiconductor laser which provides the output of the optical transmitter. The output power and wavelength of the semiconductor laser is set by controlling the bias current and operating temperature according to a closed theoretical mathematical form. The form has the variables of output power, wavelength, bias current and temperature related to each other by empirically determined coefficients. In this manner the optical transmitter can efficiently vary its output power while maintaining its wavelength constant, or vary its wavelength while maintaining its output power constant.

Abstract translation: 对于DWDM网络系统中的光发射机，一种操作提供光发射机输出的半导体激光器的方法。 通过根据封闭的理论数学形式控制偏置电流和工作温度来设定半导体激光器的输出功率和波长。 该形式具有通过经验确定的系数彼此相关的输出功率，波长，偏置电流和温度的变量。 以这种方式，光发射机可以有效地改变其输出功率，同时保持其波长恒定，或者改变其波长，同时保持其输出功率恒定。

公开(公告)号：US06493119B1

公开(公告)日：2002-12-10

申请号：US09648518

申请日：2000-08-25

Applicant: Chien-Yu Kuo ,  Niraj Gupta ,  Ronald Garrison

Inventor： Chien-Yu Kuo ,  Niraj Gupta ,  Ronald Garrison

IPC: H04B1020

CPC classification number: H04B10/1149 ,  H04B10/504 ,  H04B10/564 ,  H04B10/572 ,  H04J14/0221 ,  H04Q11/0005 ,  H04Q2011/0016 ,  H04Q2011/0018 ,  H04Q2011/0024

Abstract: A network switch connecting N input optical fibers and N output optical fibers, each optical fiber carrying M wavelength channels. The network switch has a control unit, a plurality of demultiplexers connected to the input output optical fibers, a plurality of tunable channel units, a switch fabric and a plurality of combiners connected to the output optical fibers. The demultiplexers and tunable channel units provide the wavelength routing function and the switch fabric, which has M×N2 switch points, switches signals from input optical fiber to output fiber so that the switch can switch signals from one wavelength channel to another and from one input optical fiber to one or more output optical fibers of the optical network. The switch fabric is formed from a plurality of switch modules, one switch module for each incoming wavelength channel. The switch modules are also formed from partitionable arrangements of switch elements and combiners so that the switch fabric and switch can be scaled up and reconfigured on an “as needed” basis.

Abstract translation: 一个网络交换机连接N个输入​​光纤和N个输出光纤，每个光纤承载M个波长信道。 网络交换机具有控制单元，连接到输入输出光纤的多个解复用器，多个可调谐通道单元，交换结构和连接到输出光纤的多个组合器。 解复用器和可调谐信道单元提供波长路由功能，具有MxN2切换点的交换结构将信号从输入光纤切换到输出光纤，使得交换机可以将信号从一个波长信道切换到另一个波长信道，并从一个输入光纤 到光网络的一个或多个输出光纤。 交换结构由多个开关模块形成，一个用于每个输入波长通道的开关模块。 交换机模块也由开关元件和组合器的可分割布置形成，使得交换结构和交换机可以在“根据需要”的基础上进行放大和重新配置。

公开(公告)号：US20140313243A1

公开(公告)日：2014-10-23

申请号：US14129242

申请日：2012-12-21

Applicant: Niraj Gupta ,  Supratim Pal ,  Mahesh B. Chappalli ,  Yi-Jen Chiu ,  Hong Jiang

Inventor： Niraj Gupta ,  Supratim Pal ,  Mahesh B. Chappalli ,  Yi-Jen Chiu ,  Hong Jiang

IPC: G09G5/10 ,  G09G5/06

CPC classification number: G09G5/10 ,  G09G5/06 ,  G09G2320/029 ,  G09G2320/066 ,  H04N5/57 ,  H04N21/4318

Abstract: Systems, apparatus, articles, and methods are described including operations to generate a weighted look-up-table based at least in part on individual pixel input values within an active block region and on a plurality of contrast compensation functions. A second level compensation may be performed for a center pixel block of the active region based at least in part on the weighted look-up-table.

Abstract translation: 描述了系统，装置，物品和方法，其包括至少部分地基于活动块区域内的各个像素输入值和多个对比度补偿功能来生成加权查找表的操作。 可以至少部分地基于加权查找表来对活动区域的中心像素块执行第二级补偿。

公开(公告)号：US08578261B1

公开(公告)日：2013-11-05

申请号：US11767064

申请日：2007-06-22

Applicant: Niraj Gupta ,  Nitin Goel

Inventor： Niraj Gupta ,  Nitin Goel

IPC: G06F15/16

CPC classification number: G06F17/30899

Abstract: In one embodiment, a method is illustrated as including receiving a digital content request relating to digital content accessible using a resource identifier, retrieving the digital content using the resource identifier, converting the digital content into formatted digital content having a file format different from that of the digital content, and compatible to be displayed in a preview frame, and transmitting the formatted digital content. Further, in some embodiments, a method is illustrated as including receiving a search result containing a resource identifier, extracting the resource identifier from the search result, and associating a file format description with the resource identifier, and displaying the search result and the file format description.

Abstract translation: 在一个实施例中，一种方法被示出为包括接收与使用资源标识符可访问的数字内容相关的数字内容请求，使用资源标识符检索数字内容，将数字内容转换成具有不同于 数字内容，并且兼容以在预览帧中显示，并且发送格式化的数字内容。 此外，在一些实施例中，一种方法被示出为包括接收包含资源标识符的搜索结果，从搜索结果中提取资源标识符，以及将文件格式描述与资源标识符相关联，并且显示搜索结果和文件格式 描述。

公开(公告)号：US5369989A

公开(公告)日：1994-12-06

申请号：US88163

申请日：1993-07-07

Applicant: Freeman C. Gates, Jr. ,  Kyong M. Park ,  Niraj Gupta

Inventor： Freeman C. Gates, Jr. ,  Kyong M. Park ,  Niraj Gupta

IPC: G01M15/09 ,  G01M15/10 ,  G01M15/00

CPC classification number: G01M15/106 ,  G01M15/09

Abstract: A simple, reliable, compact and inexpensive automobile engine misfiring detection system includes a basic capacitive pressure transducer, attached to a bleeder pipeline equidistantly from each point where the exhaust manifold is attached to the engine, and made of two closely spaced insulating plates whose opposed faces contain conductive layers, and one of which plates is a flexible diaphragm of low mechanical hysteresis. The transducer is thus coupled to a variable exhaust gas pressure source which under normal operating conditions remains at a substantially constant pressure level. The output signal from the transducer has its high-frequency AC component attenuated by a low-pass filter, whose output in turn has its DC component substantially removed by capacitive blocking, after which the remaining AC output is then amplified by a circuit including an operational amplifier. This AC-amplified signal is then compared with a "reduced-magnitude average" reference signal (produced by an AC-to-DC conversion side-circuit followed by magnitude-level adjustment). The comparator output triggers a one-shot monostable multivibrator used to produce an on-off switching signal which operates an LED alarm signal notifying the driver of engine misfiring and also sends an electronic signal to the car's central processor.

Abstract translation: 一种简单，可靠，紧凑且廉价的汽车发动机失火检测系统，包括一个基本的电容式压力传感器，其连接到排气歧管连接到发动机的每个点等距离的泄放管道，并且由两个紧密隔开的绝缘板制成， 包含导电层，其中一个板是低机械滞后的柔性隔膜。 因此，换能器耦合到可变排气压力源，其在正常操作条件下保持在基本恒定的压力水平。 来自换能器的输出信号具有由低通滤波器衰减的高频AC分量，该低通滤波器的输出又通过电容性阻塞基本上除去其直流分量，之后剩余的交流输出由包含操作的电路放大 放大器 然后将该AC放大信号与“减小幅度平均”参考信号（由AC到DC转换侧电路产生，然后进行幅度电平调整）进行比较。 比较器输出触发单稳态多谐振荡器，用于产生开关开关信号，该开关信号操作LED告警信号，通知驾驶员发动机失火，并将电子信号发送到汽车的中央处理器。

公开(公告)号：US5349864A

公开(公告)日：1994-09-27

申请号：US88172

申请日：1993-07-07

Applicant: Kyong M. Park ,  Niraj Gupta

Inventor： Kyong M. Park ,  Niraj Gupta

IPC: G01L9/12 ,  G01M3/32

CPC classification number: G01M3/3236 ,  G01L9/12

Abstract: A simple, reliable, compact and inexpensive fluid pressure discontinuity analysis system includes a basic capacitive pressure transducer, made of two closely spaced insulating plates whose opposed faces contain conductive layers, and one of which plates is a flexible diaphragm of low mechanical hysteresis. The transducer is coupled to a variable pressure source which under normal operating conditions remains at a substantially constant pressure level. The output signal from the transducer has its high-frequency AC component attenuated by a low-pass filter, whose output in turn has its DC component substantially removed by capacitive blocking, after which the remaining AC output is then amplified by a circuit including an operational amplifier. This AC-amplified signal is then compared with a "reduced-magnitude average" reference signal (produced by an AC-to-DC conversion side-circuit followed by magnitude-level adjustment). The comparator output triggers a one-shot monostable multivibrator used to produce an on-off switching signal which operates an alarm signal.

Abstract translation: 一个简单，可靠，紧凑且廉价的流体压力不连续分析系统包括一个基本的电容式压力传感器，由相对的表面包含导电层的两个紧密隔开的绝缘板制成，其中一个板是低机械滞后的柔性隔膜。 传感器耦合到可变压力源，其在正常操作条件下保持在基本上恒定的压力水平。 来自换能器的输出信号具有由低通滤波器衰减的高频交流分量，该低通滤波器的输出又通过电容性阻塞将其直流分量基本上去除，然后剩余的交流输出由包括操作的电路放大 放大器 然后将该AC放大信号与“减小幅度平均”参考信号（由AC到DC转换侧电路产生，然后进行幅度电平调整）进行比较。 比较器输出触发单触发单稳态多谐振荡器，用于产生操作报警信号的开 - 关开关信号。

公开(公告)号：US20140379774A1

公开(公告)日：2014-12-25

申请号：US14127178

申请日：2013-06-21

Applicant: Niraj Gupta ,  Karthik N

Inventor： Niraj Gupta ,  Karthik N

IPC: G06F17/10 ,  G06F17/16

CPC classification number: G06F17/10 ,  G06F17/15 ,  G06F17/16

Abstract: The system has first, second, third, and fourth subsystems. Each subsystem has first and second multipliers coupled, respectively, to first and second adders. Each multiplier has two inputs. The first adder is coupled to a first output, a first accumulator, and a bit shifter. The bit shifter is coupled to a third adder. The third adder is coupled to a multiplexer. The multiplexer is coupled to a second output and a second accumulator. The second adder is coupled to the third adder and the multiplexer. The first outputs of the first and second subsystems are coupled directly to a fourth adder, the second outputs of the first and second subsystems are coupled directly to a fifth adder, the first outputs of the third and fourth subsystems are coupled directly to a sixth adder, and the second outputs of the third and fourth subsystems are coupled directly to a seventh adder.

Abstract translation: 该系统具有第一，第二，第三和第四子系统。 每个子系统具有分别耦合到第一和第二加法器的第一和第二乘法器。 每个乘法器有两个输入。 第一加法器耦合到第一输出，第一累加器和位移位器。 位移器耦合到第三加法器。 第三加法器耦合到多路复用器。 多路复用器耦合到第二输出和第二累加器。 第二加法器耦合到第三加法器和多路复用器。 第一和第二子系统的第一输出直接耦合到第四加法器，第一和第二子系统的第二输出直接耦合到第五加法器，第三和第四子系统的第一输出直接耦合到第六加法器 并且第三和第四子系统的第二输出直接耦合到第七加法器。

公开(公告)号：US09245495B2

公开(公告)日：2016-01-26

申请号：US14129242

申请日：2012-12-21

Applicant: Niraj Gupta ,  Supratim Pal ,  Mahesh B. Chappalli ,  Yi-Jen Chiu ,  Hong Jiang

Inventor： Niraj Gupta ,  Supratim Pal ,  Mahesh B. Chappalli ,  Yi-Jen Chiu ,  Hong Jiang

IPC: G09G5/06 ,  G09G5/10 ,  H04N5/57 ,  H04N21/431

CPC classification number: G09G5/10 ,  G09G5/06 ,  G09G2320/029 ,  G09G2320/066 ,  H04N5/57 ,  H04N21/4318

Abstract: Systems, apparatus, articles, and methods are described including operations to generate a weighted look-up-table based at least in part on individual pixel input values within an active block region and on a plurality of contrast compensation functions. A second level compensation may be performed for a center pixel block of the active region based at least in part on the weighted look-up-table.

Abstract translation: 描述了系统，装置，物品和方法，其包括至少部分地基于活动块区域内的各个像素输入值和多个对比度补偿功能来生成加权查找表的操作。 可以至少部分地基于加权查找表来对活动区域的中心像素块执行第二级补偿。