Abstract:
A combustion system includes a perforated reaction holder having perforations defined to compensate for a non-uniform velocity of fuel and/or oxidant received across an input face of the perforated reaction holder.
Abstract:
A burner includes a porous flame holder configured to support a combustion reaction to achieve a very low output of oxides of nitrogen (NOx).
Abstract:
A combustion system includes a fuel nozzle, a charge source, a discharge electrode, and a voltage supply coupled to the charge source and discharge electrode. The charge source is configured to apply a polarized charge to a flame supported by the nozzle, and the discharge electrode is configured to attract a flame-front portion of the flame to hold the flame for flame stability. The discharge electrode can be toroidal in shape, positioned coaxially with the nozzle downstream from the nozzle. The voltage supply is configured to hold the charge source at a charge potential and the discharge electrode at the discharge potential. The nozzle can be configured to apply the polarized charge to a fuel stream emitted by the nozzle, whereafter the charge is passed to the flame upon combustion of the fuel.
Abstract:
A combustion system includes a fuel nozzle and first and second electrodes. An electric charge is applied to a flame supported by the nozzle via the first electrode. An electrical potential applied to an aerodynamic surface of the second electrode. The electrically charged flame reacts to the electrical potential according to the respective magnitudes and polarities of the charge applied to the flame and the electrical potential applied to the aerodynamic surface. Where the polarities are the same, the flame is repelled by the aerodynamic surface, and where the polarities are in opposition, the flame is pulled into contact with the aerodynamic surface by the electrodynamic attraction.
Abstract:
A combustion system such as a furnace or boiler includes a perforated reaction holder configured to hold a combustion reaction that produces very low oxides of nitrogen (NOx).
Abstract:
Nitrogen oxides (NOx) generated by a fuel burner is reduced by anchoring the flame to a conductive anchor disposed a lift distance from a fuel nozzle, using a voltage applied to the flame.
Abstract:
A gas turbine afterburner includes a gutter electrode that helps to hold an afterburner flame. A charge source applies a majority charge to be carried by a turbine exhaust gas. Electrical attraction between the majority charge and the gutter electrode helps to hold the afterburner flame.
Abstract:
A gas turbine is configured to operate with a high temperature combustion gas stream. The gas turbine may include a combustor that provides a combustion gas stream including charged particles and at least one turbine stage including at least one high temperature surface that may be driven with a voltage selected to repel the charged particles. The at least one high temperature surface may output a film-cooling layer including cool air, the film-cooling layer being stabilized by Coulombic forces between the voltage and the charged particles.
Abstract:
A pulsed electrical charge or voltage may be applied to a pulsed fuel stream or combustion reaction supported by the fuel stream. The pulsed charge or voltage may be used to affect fuel mixing, flame trajectory, heat transfer, emissivity, reaction product mix, or other physical property of the combustion reaction.