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    Toner compositions and processes thereof
    1.
    发明授权
    Toner compositions and processes thereof 失效
    调色剂组合物及其工艺

    公开(公告)号：US5604076A

    公开(公告)日：1997-02-18

    申请号：US595143

    申请日：1996-02-01

    申请人： Raj D. Patel ,  Guerino G. Sacripante ,  Grazyna E. Kmiecik-Lawrynowicz ,  Michael A. Hopper ,  Francisco E. Torres

    发明人： Raj D. Patel ,  Guerino G. Sacripante ,  Grazyna E. Kmiecik-Lawrynowicz ,  Michael A. Hopper ,  Francisco E. Torres

    IPC分类号： G03G9/08 ,  G03G9/087 ,  G03G9/097

    CPC分类号： G03G9/0806

    摘要： A process for the preparation of toner compositions comprising:(i) preparing a latex or emulsion resin comprised of a polyester core encapsulated within a styrene based resin shell by heating said polyester emulsion containing an anionic surfactant with a mixture of monomers of styrene and acrylic acid, and with potassium persulfate, ammonium persulfate, sodium bisulfite, or mixtures thereof;(ii) adding a pigment dispersion, which dispersion is comprised of a pigment, a cationic surfactant, and optionally a charge control agent, followed by the sharing of the resulting blend;(iii) heating the above sheared blend below about the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the resin to form electrostatically bound toner size aggregates with a narrow particle size distribution; and(iv) heating said electrostatically bound aggregates above about the Tg of the resin.

    摘要翻译： 一种制备调色剂组合物的方法，包括：（i）通过将含有阴离子表面活性剂的聚酯乳液与苯乙烯和丙烯酸的单体混合物加热，制备由包封在苯乙烯基树脂壳内的聚酯芯构成的胶乳或乳液树脂 和过硫酸钾，过硫酸铵，亚硫酸氢钠或其混合物; （ii）添加颜料分散体，该分散体由颜料，阳离子表面活性剂和任选的电荷控制剂组成，然后共享所得共混物; （iii）将上述剪切混合物加热至低于树脂的玻璃化转变温度（Tg），以形成具有窄粒度分布的静电结合的调色剂尺寸聚集体; 和（iv）将所述静电结合的聚集体加热到高于树脂的Tg的高度。

    Toner aggregation processes
    2.
    发明授权
    Toner aggregation processes 失效
    调色剂聚合过程

    公开(公告)号：US5561025A

    公开(公告)日：1996-10-01

    申请号：US497996

    申请日：1995-07-03

    申请人： Francisco E. Torres ,  Raj D. Patel ,  Michael A. Hopper ,  Grazyna E. Kmiecik-Lawrynowicz

    发明人： Francisco E. Torres ,  Raj D. Patel ,  Michael A. Hopper ,  Grazyna E. Kmiecik-Lawrynowicz

    IPC分类号： G03G9/087

    CPC分类号： G03G9/087

    摘要： A process for the preparation of polymer latex particles which comprises the emulsion polymerization of a mixture of monomer, polar comonomer, water, surfactant, initiator, and a water phase termination agent, and wherein the water phase termination agent is selected from the group consisting of butanethiol, pentanethiol, hexanethiol, heptanethiol, octanethiol, and carbon tetrabromide (CBr.sub.4).

    摘要翻译： 一种制备聚合物胶乳颗粒的方法，其包括单体，极性共聚单体，水，表面活性剂，引发剂和水相终止剂的混合物的乳液聚合，并且其中水相终止剂选自 丁硫醇，戊硫醇，己硫醇，庚硫醇，辛硫醇和四溴化碳（CBr4）。

    Low shear toner aggregation processes
    3.
    发明授权
    Low shear toner aggregation processes 失效
    低剪切调色剂聚集工艺

    公开(公告)号：US5650255A

    公开(公告)日：1997-07-22

    申请号：US706880

    申请日：1996-09-03

    申请人： T. Hwee Ng ,  Arthur Helbrecht ,  Raj D. Patel ,  Grazyna E. Kmiecik-Lawrynowicz ,  David Kurceba ,  Francisco E. Torres ,  David J. Sanders

    发明人： T. Hwee Ng ,  Arthur Helbrecht ,  Raj D. Patel ,  Grazyna E. Kmiecik-Lawrynowicz ,  David Kurceba ,  Francisco E. Torres ,  David J. Sanders

    IPC分类号： G03G9/08 ,  G03G9/087

    CPC分类号： G03G9/0804 ,  G03G9/0819

    摘要： An in situ chemical process for the preparation of toner comprised of(i) the provision of a latex, which latex is comprised of polymeric resin particles, an ionic surfactant and a nonionic surfactant;(ii) providing a pigment dispersion, which dispersion is comprised of a pigment solution, a counterionic surfactant with a charge polarity of opposite sign to that of said ionic surfactant, and optionally a charge control agent;(iii) mixing said pigment dispersion with said latex with a stirrer equipped with an impeller, stirring at speeds of from about 100 to about 900 rpm for a period of from about 10 minutes to about 150 minutes;(iv) heating the above resulting blend of latex and pigment mixture to a temperature below about the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the resin to form electrostatically bound toner size aggregates;(v) adding further aqueous ionic surfactant or stabilizer in the range amount of from about 0.1 percent to 5 percent by weight of reactants to stabilize the above electrostatically bound toner size aggregates;(vi) heating said electrostatically bound toner sized aggregates above about the Tg of the resin to form toner size particles containing pigment, resin and optionally a charge control agent;(vii) optionally isolating said toner, optionally washing with water; and optionally(viii) drying said toner.

    摘要翻译： 用于制备调色剂的原位化学方法包括（i）提供胶乳，所述胶乳由聚合树脂颗粒，离子表面活性剂和非离子表面活性剂组成; （ii）提供颜料分散体，该分散体由颜料溶液，具有与所述离子表面活性剂相反的电荷极性的反离子表面活性剂和任选的电荷控制剂组成; （iii）将所述颜料分散体与所述胶乳混合，配备有叶轮的搅拌器，以约100至约900rpm的速度搅拌约10分钟至约150分钟; （iv）将上述胶乳和颜料混合物的混合物加热到低于树脂的玻璃化转变温度（Tg）的温度，以形成静电结合的调色剂尺寸聚集体; （v）加入其量为约0.1％至5％（重量）的反应物的水性离子表面活性剂或稳定剂，以稳定上述静电结合的调色剂尺寸聚集体; （vi）将所述静电结合的调色剂大小的聚集体加热到树脂的Tg附近，以形成含有颜料，树脂和任选的电荷控制剂的调色剂尺寸颗粒; （vii）任选地分离所述调色剂，任选地用水洗涤; 和（viii）干燥所述调色剂。

    Toner processes
    4.
    发明授权
    Toner processes 失效
    墨粉处理

    公开(公告)号：US5650256A

    公开(公告)日：1997-07-22

    申请号：US720646

    申请日：1996-10-02

    申请人： Richard P. N. Veregin ,  Maria N. V. McDougall ,  Francisco E. Torres ,  Raj D. Patel ,  Grazyna E. Kmiecik-Lawrynowicz ,  T. Hwee Ng ,  Arthur Helbrecht

    发明人： Richard P. N. Veregin ,  Maria N. V. McDougall ,  Francisco E. Torres ,  Raj D. Patel ,  Grazyna E. Kmiecik-Lawrynowicz ,  T. Hwee Ng ,  Arthur Helbrecht

    IPC分类号： G03G9/08 ,  G03G9/087

    CPC分类号： G03G9/0804 ,  G03G9/0815

    摘要： A process for the preparation of toner comprising:(i) preparing a pigment dispersion, which dispersion is comprised of a pigment, and an ionic surfactant;(ii) shearing said pigment dispersion with a latex or emulsion blend comprised of resin, a counterionic surfactant with a charge polarity of opposite sign to that of said ionic surfactant and a nonionic surfactant, and wherein said resin contains an acid functionality;(iii) heating the above sheared blend below about the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the resin to form electrostatically bound toner size aggregates;(iv) adding anionic surfactant to stabilize the aggregates obtained in (iii);(v) coalescing said aggregates by heating said bound aggregates above about the Tg of the resin;(vi) reacting said resin of (v) with acid functionality with a base to form an acrylic acid salt, and which salt is ion exchanged in water with a base or a salt, optionally in the presence of metal oxide particles, to control the toner triboelectrical charge, which toner is comprised of resin and pigment; and(vii) optionally drying the toner obtained.

    摘要翻译： 一种制备调色剂的方法，包括：（i）制备颜料分散体，该分散体由颜料和离子表面活性剂组成; （ii）用由树脂，具有与所述离子表面活性剂的电荷极性相反的电荷极性的抗衡离子表面活性剂和非离子表面活性剂组成的胶乳或乳液共混物剪切所述颜料分散体，并且其中所述树脂含有酸官能团; （iii）将上述剪切混合物加热至低于树脂的玻璃化转变温度（Tg）以形成静电结合的调色剂尺寸聚集体; （iv）加入阴离子表面活性剂以稳定（iii）中获得的聚集体; （v）通过将所述结合的聚集体加热到约树脂的Tg附近来聚结所述聚集体; （vi）将所述（ⅴ）的酸性官能团的树脂与碱反应形成丙烯酸盐，并且任选地在金属氧化物颗粒存在下，盐与碱或盐在水中进行离子交换，以控制 调色剂摩擦电荷，调色剂由树脂和颜料组成; 和（vii）任选地干燥获得的调色剂。

    Toner aggregation processes
    8.
    发明授权
    Toner aggregation processes 失效
    调色剂聚合过程

    公开(公告)号：US5525452A

    公开(公告)日：1996-06-11

    申请号：US497988

    申请日：1995-07-03

    申请人： Michael A. Hopper ,  Raj D. Patel ,  Grazyna E. Kmiecik-Lawrynowicz

    发明人： Michael A. Hopper ,  Raj D. Patel ,  Grazyna E. Kmiecik-Lawrynowicz

    IPC分类号： G03G9/08 ,  G03G9/087

    CPC分类号： G03G9/0815 ,  G03G9/0804

    摘要： A process for the preparation of toner compositions comprising (i) preparing a pigment dispersion in water, which dispersion is comprised of a pigment, an ionic surfactant, and optionally a charge control agent;(ii) shearing said pigment dispersion with an aqueous latex or emulsion blend comprised of a nonionic surfactant, resin, and a counterionic surfactant with a charge polarity of opposite sign to that of said ionic surfactant;(iii) heating the above sheared blend below about the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the resin to form electrostatically bound toner size aggregates with a narrow particle size distribution;(iv) heating the electrostatically bound aggregates above about the Tg of the resin, which heating is accomplished at a pH of from about 4.0 to about 6.0 while continuously stirring the electrostatically bound aggregates to form toner particles;(v) washing the toner particles with a basic aqueous solution, which solution is of a pH of from between about 10.0 and about 12.0; and thereafter optionally(iv) separating the toner particles from the emulsion blend containing water by filtration and then drying the toner particles.

    摘要翻译： 一种制备调色剂组合物的方法，包括（i）在水中制备颜料分散体，该分散体由颜料，离子表面活性剂和任选的电荷控制剂组成; （ii）用包含非离子表面活性剂，树脂和抗衡离子表面活性剂的水性胶乳或乳液共混物剪切所述颜料分散体，其电荷极性与所述离子表面活性剂相反; （iii）将上述剪切混合物加热至低于树脂的玻璃化转变温度（Tg），以形成具有窄粒度分布的静电结合的调色剂尺寸聚集体; （iv）将高于约树脂Tg的静电结合聚集体加热，在约4.0至约6.0的pH下进行加热，同时连续搅拌静电结合的聚集体以形成调色剂颗粒; （v）用碱性水溶液洗涤调色剂颗粒，该溶液的pH为约10.0至约12.0; 然后任选地（iv）通过过滤从含有水的乳液共混物中分离调色剂颗粒，然后干燥调色剂颗粒。

    Wax Containing toner aggregation processes
    9.
    发明授权
    Wax Containing toner aggregation processes 失效
    蜡含有调色剂聚集工艺

    公开(公告)号：US5482812A

    公开(公告)日：1996-01-09

    申请号：US344060

    申请日：1994-11-23

    申请人： Michael A. Hopper ,  Raj D. Patel ,  Grazyna E. Kmiecik-Lawrynowicz ,  Stephan V. Drappel ,  Paul J. Gerroir

    发明人： Michael A. Hopper ,  Raj D. Patel ,  Grazyna E. Kmiecik-Lawrynowicz ,  Stephan V. Drappel ,  Paul J. Gerroir

    IPC分类号： G03G9/08 ,  G03G9/087

    CPC分类号： G03G9/0804 ,  G03G9/0815

    摘要： A process for the preparation of toner compositions or toner particles comprising:(i) providing an aqueous pigment dispersion comprised of a pigment, an ionic surfactant, and optionally a charge control agent;(ii) providing a wax dispersion comprised of wax, a dispersant comprised of nonionic surfactant, ionic surfactant or mixtures thereof;(iii) shearing a mixture of the wax dispersion and the pigment dispersion with a latex or emulsion blend comprised of resin, a counterionic surfactant with a charge polarity of opposite sign to that of said ionic surfactant and a nonionic surfactant;(iv) heating the above sheared blend below about the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the resin to form electrostatically bound toner size aggregates with a narrow particle size distribution;(v) adding additional ionic surfactant to the aggregated suspension of (iv) to ensure that no, or minimal additional particle growth of the electrostatically bound toner size aggregates occurs on further increasing the temperature to coalesce the aggregates into toner particles (vi);(vi) heating the mixture of (v) with bound aggregates above about or at the Tg of the resin; and optionally(vii) separating the toner particles from the aqueous slurry by filtration and thereafter optionally washing.

    摘要翻译： 一种制备调色剂组合物或调色剂颗粒的方法，包括：（i）提供由颜料，离子表面活性剂和任选的电荷控制剂组成的水性颜料分散体; （ii）提供由蜡组成的蜡分散体，由非离子表面活性剂，离子表面活性剂或其混合物组成的分散剂; （iii）用由树脂，具有与所述离子表面活性剂的电荷极性相反的电荷极性的抗衡离子表面活性剂和非离子表面活性剂组成的胶乳或乳液共混物来剪切蜡分散体和颜料分散体的混合物; （iv）将上述剪切混合物加热至低于树脂的玻璃化转变温度（Tg），以形成具有窄粒度分布的静电结合的调色剂尺寸聚集体; （v）向（iv）的聚集悬浮液中加入另外的离子表面活性剂，以确保在进一步升高温度以使聚集体聚结成调色剂颗粒（vi）时，静电结合的调色剂尺寸聚集体不会发生或最小的附加颗粒生长。 （vi）将（v）混合物加热至高于树脂Tg或高于Tg的结合聚集体; 并且任选地（vii）通过过滤从调色剂颗粒与含水浆料分离，然后任选地洗涤。

    Toner aggregation process
    10.
    发明授权
    Toner aggregation process 失效
    调色剂聚合过程

    公开(公告)号：US5370964A

    公开(公告)日：1994-12-06

    申请号：US158343

    申请日：1993-11-29

    申请人： Raj D. Patel ,  Grazyna E. Kmiecik-Lawrynowicz ,  Michael A. Hopper ,  Melvin D. Croucher ,  T. Hwee Ng ,  William J. Dale

    发明人： Raj D. Patel ,  Grazyna E. Kmiecik-Lawrynowicz ,  Michael A. Hopper ,  Melvin D. Croucher ,  T. Hwee Ng ,  William J. Dale

    IPC分类号： G03G9/08

    CPC分类号： G03G9/0815 ,  G03G9/0804

    摘要： A process for the preparation of toner comprising:(i) preparing a pigment dispersion in water, which dispersion is comprised of pigment, an ionic surfactant, and an optional charge control agent;(ii) shearing the pigment dispersion with a polymeric latex comprised of resin, a counterionic surfactant with a charge polarity of opposite sign to that of said ionic surfactant, and which latex contains a nonionic surfactant thereby forming a homogeneous or a uniform blend;(iii) heating the above sheared homogeneous blend below about the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the resin to form electrostatically bound toner size aggregates;(iv) reshearing the above electrostatically bound toner aggregates (iii) to fragment or break down said toner aggregates of (iii) into smaller average diameter particle size;(v) heating the resulting formed sheared homogeneous blend (iv) comprised of resin, pigment particles, and the ionic, counterionic and nonionic surfactants in water below about the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the resin while continuously stirring at about 450 to about 800 revolutions per minute to form electrostatically bound toner size aggregates with a narrow particle size distribution;(vi) adding further ionic or nonionic surfactant in an amount of from about 0.1 to about 10 percent by weight of water to minimize further growth or enlargement of the particles in the coalescence step (vii); and(vii) heating the formed statically bound aggregated particles of (vi) about above the Tg of the resin to provide coalesced particles of toner(viii) separating said toner; and(ix) drying said toner.

    摘要翻译： 一种制备调色剂的方法，包括：（i）在水中制备颜料分散体，该分散体由颜料，离子表面活性剂和任选的电荷控制剂组成; （ii）用由树脂，具有与所述离子表面活性剂的电荷极性相反的电荷极性的抗衡离子表面活性剂的聚合胶乳剪切颜料分散体，并且该胶乳含有非离子表面活性剂，从而形成均匀或均匀的共混物; （iii）在树脂的玻璃化转变温度（Tg）附近加热上述剪切均匀混合物以形成静电结合的调色剂尺寸聚集体; （iv）重新研磨上述静电结合的调色剂聚集体（iii）以将（iii）的所述调色剂聚集体碎裂或分解成更小的平均直径粒径; （v）在低于约玻璃化转变温度（Tg）的树脂下，将所形成的由树脂，颜料颗粒和离子型，抗衡离子和非离子表面活性剂组成的剪切的均匀混合物（iv）加热至约450至约 800转/分钟，形成具有窄粒度分布的静电结合的调色剂尺寸聚集体; （vi）以约0.1至约10重量％的水加入另外的离子或非离子表面活性剂以最小化在聚结步骤（vii）中颗粒的进一步生长或增大; （vii）将所形成的静态结合的（vi）聚集的颗粒加热到树脂的Tg附近，以提供聚结的调色剂颗粒（viii）分离所述调色剂; 和（ix）干燥所述调色剂。