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    Toner compositions and processes thereof
    2.
    发明授权
    Toner compositions and processes thereof 失效
    调色剂组合物及其工艺

    公开(公告)号：US5604076A

    公开(公告)日：1997-02-18

    申请号：US595143

    申请日：1996-02-01

    申请人： Raj D. Patel ,  Guerino G. Sacripante ,  Grazyna E. Kmiecik-Lawrynowicz ,  Michael A. Hopper ,  Francisco E. Torres

    发明人： Raj D. Patel ,  Guerino G. Sacripante ,  Grazyna E. Kmiecik-Lawrynowicz ,  Michael A. Hopper ,  Francisco E. Torres

    IPC分类号： G03G9/08 ,  G03G9/087 ,  G03G9/097

    CPC分类号： G03G9/0806

    摘要： A process for the preparation of toner compositions comprising:(i) preparing a latex or emulsion resin comprised of a polyester core encapsulated within a styrene based resin shell by heating said polyester emulsion containing an anionic surfactant with a mixture of monomers of styrene and acrylic acid, and with potassium persulfate, ammonium persulfate, sodium bisulfite, or mixtures thereof;(ii) adding a pigment dispersion, which dispersion is comprised of a pigment, a cationic surfactant, and optionally a charge control agent, followed by the sharing of the resulting blend;(iii) heating the above sheared blend below about the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the resin to form electrostatically bound toner size aggregates with a narrow particle size distribution; and(iv) heating said electrostatically bound aggregates above about the Tg of the resin.

    摘要翻译： 一种制备调色剂组合物的方法，包括：（i）通过将含有阴离子表面活性剂的聚酯乳液与苯乙烯和丙烯酸的单体混合物加热，制备由包封在苯乙烯基树脂壳内的聚酯芯构成的胶乳或乳液树脂 和过硫酸钾，过硫酸铵，亚硫酸氢钠或其混合物; （ii）添加颜料分散体，该分散体由颜料，阳离子表面活性剂和任选的电荷控制剂组成，然后共享所得共混物; （iii）将上述剪切混合物加热至低于树脂的玻璃化转变温度（Tg），以形成具有窄粒度分布的静电结合的调色剂尺寸聚集体; 和（iv）将所述静电结合的聚集体加热到高于树脂的Tg的高度。

    Toner aggregation processes
    5.
    发明授权
    Toner aggregation processes 失效
    调色剂聚合过程

    公开(公告)号：US5525452A

    公开(公告)日：1996-06-11

    申请号：US497988

    申请日：1995-07-03

    申请人： Michael A. Hopper ,  Raj D. Patel ,  Grazyna E. Kmiecik-Lawrynowicz

    发明人： Michael A. Hopper ,  Raj D. Patel ,  Grazyna E. Kmiecik-Lawrynowicz

    IPC分类号： G03G9/08 ,  G03G9/087

    CPC分类号： G03G9/0815 ,  G03G9/0804

    摘要： A process for the preparation of toner compositions comprising (i) preparing a pigment dispersion in water, which dispersion is comprised of a pigment, an ionic surfactant, and optionally a charge control agent;(ii) shearing said pigment dispersion with an aqueous latex or emulsion blend comprised of a nonionic surfactant, resin, and a counterionic surfactant with a charge polarity of opposite sign to that of said ionic surfactant;(iii) heating the above sheared blend below about the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the resin to form electrostatically bound toner size aggregates with a narrow particle size distribution;(iv) heating the electrostatically bound aggregates above about the Tg of the resin, which heating is accomplished at a pH of from about 4.0 to about 6.0 while continuously stirring the electrostatically bound aggregates to form toner particles;(v) washing the toner particles with a basic aqueous solution, which solution is of a pH of from between about 10.0 and about 12.0; and thereafter optionally(iv) separating the toner particles from the emulsion blend containing water by filtration and then drying the toner particles.

    摘要翻译： 一种制备调色剂组合物的方法，包括（i）在水中制备颜料分散体，该分散体由颜料，离子表面活性剂和任选的电荷控制剂组成; （ii）用包含非离子表面活性剂，树脂和抗衡离子表面活性剂的水性胶乳或乳液共混物剪切所述颜料分散体，其电荷极性与所述离子表面活性剂相反; （iii）将上述剪切混合物加热至低于树脂的玻璃化转变温度（Tg），以形成具有窄粒度分布的静电结合的调色剂尺寸聚集体; （iv）将高于约树脂Tg的静电结合聚集体加热，在约4.0至约6.0的pH下进行加热，同时连续搅拌静电结合的聚集体以形成调色剂颗粒; （v）用碱性水溶液洗涤调色剂颗粒，该溶液的pH为约10.0至约12.0; 然后任选地（iv）通过过滤从含有水的乳液共混物中分离调色剂颗粒，然后干燥调色剂颗粒。

    Wax Containing toner aggregation processes
    6.
    发明授权
    Wax Containing toner aggregation processes 失效
    蜡含有调色剂聚集工艺

    公开(公告)号：US5482812A

    公开(公告)日：1996-01-09

    申请号：US344060

    申请日：1994-11-23

    申请人： Michael A. Hopper ,  Raj D. Patel ,  Grazyna E. Kmiecik-Lawrynowicz ,  Stephan V. Drappel ,  Paul J. Gerroir

    发明人： Michael A. Hopper ,  Raj D. Patel ,  Grazyna E. Kmiecik-Lawrynowicz ,  Stephan V. Drappel ,  Paul J. Gerroir

    IPC分类号： G03G9/08 ,  G03G9/087

    CPC分类号： G03G9/0804 ,  G03G9/0815

    摘要： A process for the preparation of toner compositions or toner particles comprising:(i) providing an aqueous pigment dispersion comprised of a pigment, an ionic surfactant, and optionally a charge control agent;(ii) providing a wax dispersion comprised of wax, a dispersant comprised of nonionic surfactant, ionic surfactant or mixtures thereof;(iii) shearing a mixture of the wax dispersion and the pigment dispersion with a latex or emulsion blend comprised of resin, a counterionic surfactant with a charge polarity of opposite sign to that of said ionic surfactant and a nonionic surfactant;(iv) heating the above sheared blend below about the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the resin to form electrostatically bound toner size aggregates with a narrow particle size distribution;(v) adding additional ionic surfactant to the aggregated suspension of (iv) to ensure that no, or minimal additional particle growth of the electrostatically bound toner size aggregates occurs on further increasing the temperature to coalesce the aggregates into toner particles (vi);(vi) heating the mixture of (v) with bound aggregates above about or at the Tg of the resin; and optionally(vii) separating the toner particles from the aqueous slurry by filtration and thereafter optionally washing.

    摘要翻译： 一种制备调色剂组合物或调色剂颗粒的方法，包括：（i）提供由颜料，离子表面活性剂和任选的电荷控制剂组成的水性颜料分散体; （ii）提供由蜡组成的蜡分散体，由非离子表面活性剂，离子表面活性剂或其混合物组成的分散剂; （iii）用由树脂，具有与所述离子表面活性剂的电荷极性相反的电荷极性的抗衡离子表面活性剂和非离子表面活性剂组成的胶乳或乳液共混物来剪切蜡分散体和颜料分散体的混合物; （iv）将上述剪切混合物加热至低于树脂的玻璃化转变温度（Tg），以形成具有窄粒度分布的静电结合的调色剂尺寸聚集体; （v）向（iv）的聚集悬浮液中加入另外的离子表面活性剂，以确保在进一步升高温度以使聚集体聚结成调色剂颗粒（vi）时，静电结合的调色剂尺寸聚集体不会发生或最小的附加颗粒生长。 （vi）将（v）混合物加热至高于树脂Tg或高于Tg的结合聚集体; 并且任选地（vii）通过过滤从调色剂颗粒与含水浆料分离，然后任选地洗涤。

    Toner aggregation process
    7.
    发明授权
    Toner aggregation process 失效
    调色剂聚合过程

    公开(公告)号：US5370964A

    公开(公告)日：1994-12-06

    申请号：US158343

    申请日：1993-11-29

    申请人： Raj D. Patel ,  Grazyna E. Kmiecik-Lawrynowicz ,  Michael A. Hopper ,  Melvin D. Croucher ,  T. Hwee Ng ,  William J. Dale

    发明人： Raj D. Patel ,  Grazyna E. Kmiecik-Lawrynowicz ,  Michael A. Hopper ,  Melvin D. Croucher ,  T. Hwee Ng ,  William J. Dale

    IPC分类号： G03G9/08

    CPC分类号： G03G9/0815 ,  G03G9/0804

    摘要： A process for the preparation of toner comprising:(i) preparing a pigment dispersion in water, which dispersion is comprised of pigment, an ionic surfactant, and an optional charge control agent;(ii) shearing the pigment dispersion with a polymeric latex comprised of resin, a counterionic surfactant with a charge polarity of opposite sign to that of said ionic surfactant, and which latex contains a nonionic surfactant thereby forming a homogeneous or a uniform blend;(iii) heating the above sheared homogeneous blend below about the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the resin to form electrostatically bound toner size aggregates;(iv) reshearing the above electrostatically bound toner aggregates (iii) to fragment or break down said toner aggregates of (iii) into smaller average diameter particle size;(v) heating the resulting formed sheared homogeneous blend (iv) comprised of resin, pigment particles, and the ionic, counterionic and nonionic surfactants in water below about the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the resin while continuously stirring at about 450 to about 800 revolutions per minute to form electrostatically bound toner size aggregates with a narrow particle size distribution;(vi) adding further ionic or nonionic surfactant in an amount of from about 0.1 to about 10 percent by weight of water to minimize further growth or enlargement of the particles in the coalescence step (vii); and(vii) heating the formed statically bound aggregated particles of (vi) about above the Tg of the resin to provide coalesced particles of toner(viii) separating said toner; and(ix) drying said toner.

    摘要翻译： 一种制备调色剂的方法，包括：（i）在水中制备颜料分散体，该分散体由颜料，离子表面活性剂和任选的电荷控制剂组成; （ii）用由树脂，具有与所述离子表面活性剂的电荷极性相反的电荷极性的抗衡离子表面活性剂的聚合胶乳剪切颜料分散体，并且该胶乳含有非离子表面活性剂，从而形成均匀或均匀的共混物; （iii）在树脂的玻璃化转变温度（Tg）附近加热上述剪切均匀混合物以形成静电结合的调色剂尺寸聚集体; （iv）重新研磨上述静电结合的调色剂聚集体（iii）以将（iii）的所述调色剂聚集体碎裂或分解成更小的平均直径粒径; （v）在低于约玻璃化转变温度（Tg）的树脂下，将所形成的由树脂，颜料颗粒和离子型，抗衡离子和非离子表面活性剂组成的剪切的均匀混合物（iv）加热至约450至约 800转/分钟，形成具有窄粒度分布的静电结合的调色剂尺寸聚集体; （vi）以约0.1至约10重量％的水加入另外的离子或非离子表面活性剂以最小化在聚结步骤（vii）中颗粒的进一步生长或增大; （vii）将所形成的静态结合的（vi）聚集的颗粒加热到树脂的Tg附近，以提供聚结的调色剂颗粒（viii）分离所述调色剂; 和（ix）干燥所述调色剂。

    Toner emulsion aggregation processes
    8.
    发明授权
    Toner emulsion aggregation processes 失效
    调色剂乳液聚集工艺

    公开(公告)号：US5370963A

    公开(公告)日：1994-12-06

    申请号：US82651

    申请日：1993-06-25

    申请人： Raj D. Patel ,  Grazyna E. Kmiecik-Lawrynowicz ,  Michael A. Hopper

    发明人： Raj D. Patel ,  Grazyna E. Kmiecik-Lawrynowicz ,  Michael A. Hopper

    IPC分类号： G03G9/087 ,  G03G9/08 ,  G03G9/09 ,  G03G9/097

    CPC分类号： G03G9/0815 ,  G03G9/0804

    摘要： A process for the preparation of toner compositions with controlled particle size comprising:(i) preparing a pigment dispersion in water, which dispersion is comprised of pigment, an ionic surfactant, and an optional charge control agent;(ii) shearing at high speeds the pigment dispersion with a polymeric latex comprised of resin, a counterionic surfactant with a charge polarity of opposite sign to that of said ionic surfactant and a nonionic surfactant thereby forming a uniform homogeneous blend dispersion comprised of resin, pigment, and optional charge agent;(iii) heating the above sheared homogeneous blend below about the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the resin while continuously stirring to form electrostatically bounded toner size aggregates with a narrow particle size distribution;(iv) heating the statically bound aggregated particles above about the Tg of the resin particles to provide coalesced toner comprised of resin, pigment, and optional charge control agent, and subsequently optionally accomplishing (v) and (vi);(v) separating said toner; and(vi) drying said toner.

    摘要翻译： 一种制备具有受控粒度的调色剂组合物的方法，包括：（i）在水中制备颜料分散体，该分散体由颜料，离子表面活性剂和任选的电荷控制剂组成; （ii）以高速剪切颜料分散体，其中聚合物胶乳由树脂，具有与所述离子表面活性剂相反的电荷极性的反离子表面活性剂和非离子表面活性剂组成，由此形成均匀的均匀共混分散体，其由树脂，颜料 ，和可选充电剂; （iii）在连续搅拌下将上述剪切的均匀共混物加热到低于树脂的玻璃化转变温度（Tg）的同时，形成具有窄粒度分布的静电有界的调色剂尺寸聚集体; （iv）在树脂颗粒的Tg附近加热静态结合的聚集颗粒，以提供由树脂，颜料和任选的电荷控制剂组成的聚结的调色剂，随后任选地完成（v）和（vi）; （v）分离所述调色剂; 和（vi）干燥所述调色剂。

    Toner aggregation processes
    9.
    发明授权
    Toner aggregation processes 失效
    调色剂聚合过程

    公开(公告)号：US5366841A

    公开(公告)日：1994-11-22

    申请号：US129476

    申请日：1993-09-30

    申请人： Raj D. Patel ,  Grazyna E. Kmiecik-Lawrynowicz ,  Michael A. Hopper ,  Melvin D. Croucher

    发明人： Raj D. Patel ,  Grazyna E. Kmiecik-Lawrynowicz ,  Michael A. Hopper ,  Melvin D. Croucher

    IPC分类号： G03G9/087 ,  G03G9/08

    CPC分类号： G03G9/0804 ,  G03G9/0812 ,  G03G9/0815

    摘要： A process for the preparation of toner compositions comprising:(i) preparing a pigment dispersion in water, which dispersion is comprised of a pigment, an ionic surfactant and optionally a charge control agent;(ii) shearing the pigment dispersion with a latex blend comprised of resin particles, a counterionic surfactant with a charge polarity of opposite sign to that of said ionic surfactant and a nonionic surfactant thereby causing a flocculation or heterocoagulation of the formed particles of pigment, resin and charge control agent to form a uniform dispersion of solids in the water, and surfactant;(iii) heating the above sheared blend at a critical temperature region about equal to or above the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the resin, while continuously stirring, to form electrostatically bounded toner size aggregates with a narrow particle size distribution and wherein said critical temperature is from about 0.degree. C. to about 10.degree. C. above the resin Tg, and wherein the resin Tg is from about 30.degree. C. to about 65.degree. C. and preferably in the range of from about 45.degree. C. to about 65.degree. C.;(iv) heating the statically bound aggregated particles from about 10.degree. C. to about 45.degree. C. above the Tg of the resin particles to provide a toner composition comprised of polymeric resin, pigment and optionally a charge control agent; and(v) optionally separating and drying said toner.

    摘要翻译： 一种制备调色剂组合物的方法，包括：（i）在水中制备颜料分散体，该分散体由颜料，离子表面活性剂和任选的电荷控制剂组成; （ii）用由树脂颗粒，具有与所述离子表面活性剂的电荷极性相反的电荷极性的抗衡离子表面活性剂和非离子表面活性剂的胶乳混合物剪切颜料分散体，从而引起所形成的颜料，树脂颗粒的絮凝或异凝 和电荷控制剂以形成均匀的固体在水中的分散体和表面活性剂; （iii）在连续搅拌的同时在约等于或高于树脂的玻璃化转变温度（Tg）的临界温度区域加热上述剪切共混物，以形成具有窄粒度分布的静电有界调色剂尺寸聚集体，并且其中所述临界 温度在树脂Tg以上约0℃至约10℃，并且其中树脂Tg为约30℃至约65℃，优选为约45℃至约45℃ 约65℃。 （iv）将静态结合的聚集颗粒加热到高于树脂颗粒的Tg的约10℃至约45℃，以提供由聚合树脂，颜料和任选的电荷控制剂组成的调色剂组合物; 和（v）任选地分离和干燥所述调色剂。

    Ink processes
    10.
    发明授权
    Ink processes 失效
    墨水处理

    公开(公告)号：US5981651A

    公开(公告)日：1999-11-09

    申请号：US922078

    申请日：1997-09-02

    申请人： Raj D. Patel ,  Grazyna E. Kmiecik-Lawrynowicz ,  Michael A. Hopper ,  Walter Mychajlowskij

    发明人： Raj D. Patel ,  Grazyna E. Kmiecik-Lawrynowicz ,  Michael A. Hopper ,  Walter Mychajlowskij

    IPC分类号： C09D11/02 ,  C08F2/00 ,  C08F12/08 ,  C09D11/00

    CPC分类号： C08F12/08 ,  C09D11/30 ,  Y10S977/788

    摘要： A process comprising (1) polymerizing an organic phase of monomer in the presence of a carboxylic acid, an oil soluble chain transfer agent, and a partially water soluble chain transfer agent; and which polymerizing is accomplished in the presence of (2) an aqueous phase containing a nonionic surfactant, and an anionic surfactant, and wherein there is added to the aqueous phase an aqueous initiator solution of an inorganic persulfate, and wherein the resulting latex contains particles of polymer with carboxylic acid; aggregating said latex particles with colorant; thereafter adding an effective amount of anionic surfactant and heating the mixture resulting about equal to, or about above the polymer Tg resulting from said monomer, or said monomers.

    摘要翻译： 一种方法，其包括（1）在羧酸，油溶性链转移剂和部分水溶性链转移剂的存在下聚合单体的有机相; 并且在（2）含有非离子表面活性剂的水相和阴离子表面活性剂的存在下进行聚合，并且其中在水相中加入无机过硫酸盐的引发剂水溶液，并且其中所得的胶乳含有颗粒 的聚合物与羧酸; 用着色剂聚集所述胶乳颗粒; 然后加入有效量的阴离子表面活性剂并加热产生的约等于或约高于由所述单体或所述单体产生的聚合物Tg的混合物。