公开(公告)号：US5096282A

公开(公告)日：1992-03-17

申请号：US498076

申请日：1990-03-23

申请人： John D. Margerum ,  Anna M. Lackner ,  Elena Ramos ,  George W. Smith ,  Nuno Yaz ,  James L. Kohler ,  Charles R. Allison

发明人： John D. Margerum ,  Anna M. Lackner ,  Elena Ramos ,  George W. Smith ,  Nuno Yaz ,  James L. Kohler ,  Charles R. Allison

IPC分类号： C09K19/54 ,  G02F1/1334

CPC分类号： C09K19/544 ,  G02F1/1334

摘要： A method of forming a polymer dispersed liquid crystal (PDLC) film is disclosed which consists of forming a solution of LC dissolved in a monomer, photopolymerizing the solution to form a film having a dispersion of LC bubbles therein, establishing a correlation between the LC bubble size and selected characteristics of the film, selecting a LC bubble size corresponding to desired film characteristics, and controlling the conditions of photopolymerization to achieve said LC bubble size. The LC bubble size is controlled by means of the UV exposure intensity, exposure temperature, exposure wavelength, LC concentration and/or concentration of polymerization initiator. Correlations are noted between LC bubble size and the resulting film's threshold and operating voltages for optical transmission, contrast ratio, absolute transmissivity and electro-optical response times. Special types of films, including in situ gratings and holograms, are obtained by periodically varying the conditions of polymerization over the film to produce a corresponding periodic spatial variation in the LC bubble size; different processes used to achieve this result are noted. Films with LC bubbles in a new size regime that significantly decreases the operating voltage threshold, and with gradients in the bubble size, are also disclosed.

摘要翻译： 公开了一种形成聚合物分散液晶（PDLC）膜的方法，该方法由形成溶解在单体中的LC溶液组成，使该溶液光聚合以形成其中具有LC气泡分散的膜，从而建立LC气泡之间的相关性 尺寸和选定的特性，选择对应于期望的膜特性的LC气泡尺寸，以及控制光聚合条件以实现所述LC气泡尺寸。 通过UV曝光强度，曝光温度，曝光波长，LC浓度和/或聚合引发剂的浓度来控制LC气泡尺寸。 在LC气泡尺寸和所得膜的阈值和光透射，对比度，绝对透射率和电光响应时间的工作电压之间存在相关性。 特殊类型的膜，包括原位光栅和全息图，通过周期性地改变膜上的聚合条件来获得LC气泡尺寸中相应的周期性空间变化; 注意到用于实现该结果的不同过程。 还公开了具有显着降低工作电压阈值和气泡尺寸梯度的新尺寸方案中的LC气泡的膜。

公开(公告)号：US4938568A

公开(公告)日：1990-07-03

申请号：US141033

申请日：1988-01-05

申请人： John D. Margerum ,  Anna M. Lackner ,  Elena Ramos ,  George W. Smith ,  Nuno A. Vaz ,  James L. Kohler ,  Charles R. Allison

发明人： John D. Margerum ,  Anna M. Lackner ,  Elena Ramos ,  George W. Smith ,  Nuno A. Vaz ,  James L. Kohler ,  Charles R. Allison

IPC分类号： C09K19/54 ,  G02F1/1334

CPC分类号： G02F1/1334 ,  C09K19/544 ,  Y10S359/90

摘要： A method of forming a polymer dispersed liquid crystal (PDLC) film is disclosed which consists of forming a solution of LC dissolved in a monomer, photopolymerizing the solution to form a film having a dispersion of LC bubbles therein, establishing a correlation between the LC bubble size and selected characteristics of the film, selecting a LC bubble size corresponding to desired film characteristics, and controlling the conditions of photopolymerization to achieve said LC bubble size. The LC bubble size is controlled by means of the UV exposure intensity, exposure temperature, exposure wavelength, LC concentration and/or concentration of polymerization initiator. Correlations are noted between LC bubble size and the resulting film's threshold and operating voltages for optical transmission, contrast ratio, absolute transmissivity and electro-optical response times. Special types of films, including in situ gratings and holograms, are obtained by periodically varying the conditions of polymerization over the film to produce a corresponding periodic spatial variation in the LC bubble size; different processes used to achieve this result are noted. Films with LC bubbles in a new size regime that significantly decreases the operating voltage threshold, and with gradients in the bubble size, are also disclosed.

摘要翻译： 公开了一种形成聚合物分散液晶（PDLC）膜的方法，该方法由形成溶解在单体中的LC溶液组成，使该溶液光聚合以形成其中具有LC气泡分散的膜，从而建立LC气泡之间的相关性 尺寸和选定的特性，选择对应于期望的膜特性的LC气泡尺寸，以及控制光聚合条件以实现所述LC气泡尺寸。 通过UV曝光强度，曝光温度，曝光波长，LC浓度和/或聚合引发剂的浓度来控制LC气泡尺寸。 在LC气泡尺寸和所得膜的阈值和光透射，对比度，绝对透射率和电光响应时间的工作电压之间存在相关性。 特殊类型的膜，包括原位光栅和全息图，通过周期性地改变膜上的聚合条件来获得LC气泡尺寸中相应的周期性空间变化; 注意到用于实现该结果的不同过程。 还公开了具有显着降低工作电压阈值和气泡尺寸梯度的新尺寸方案中的LC气泡的膜。

公开(公告)号：US4917472A

公开(公告)日：1990-04-17

申请号：US168061

申请日：1988-03-14

申请人： John D. Margerum ,  Anna M. Lackner

发明人： John D. Margerum ,  Anna M. Lackner

IPC分类号： G02F1/133 ,  G02F1/1337 ,  G02F1/135

CPC分类号： G02F1/133719 ,  G02F1/133734 ,  G02F1/135

摘要： A liquid crystal cell useful in light valves is disclosed in which positive anisotropy liquid crystals are installed at an initial off-perpendicular alignment within the approximate range of 6.degree.-45.degree.. A light valve employing the cell is initially biased to a voltage approximately corresponding to a transmissivity peak; the selection of the exact bias voltage involves a trade-off between contrast and response speed. The cell surfaces are characterized by generally flat macrostructures and tilted surface microstructures, with an overcoat on the surfaces of a long chain alcohol with alkoxy groups derived therefrom bonded to the tilted surface microstructure. The alcohol molecules have the formula ROH, where R is a carbon chain having at least six carbon atoms therein.

摘要翻译： 公开了一种在光阀中有用的液晶单元，其中正向各向异性液晶以6°-45°的近似范围内的初始垂直取向安装。 采用电池的光阀最初被偏压到大致对应于透射峰的电压; 精确偏置电压的选择涉及对比度和响应速度之间的折衷。 电池表面的特征在于大体平坦的宏观结构和倾斜的表面微观结构，其中在由其衍生的具有烷氧基的长链醇的表面上的外涂层结合到倾斜的表面微结构。 醇分子具有式ROH，其中R是其中具有至少6个碳原子的碳链。

公开(公告)号：US4464134A

公开(公告)日：1984-08-07

申请号：US329452

申请日：1981-12-10

申请人： Anna M. Lackner ,  John D. Margerum ,  Leroy J. Miller

发明人： Anna M. Lackner ,  John D. Margerum ,  Leroy J. Miller

IPC分类号： G02F1/1337 ,  G02F1/07

CPC分类号： G02F1/133719

摘要： Liquid crystals are induced to assume substantially perpendicular alignment on the surfaces of substrates used to fabricate electro-optical device by causing long chain alcohols to react in the vapor phases with surface OH.sup.- inherently found on oxide coatings provided on the substrates. The process facilitates liquid crystal alignment in prefabricated electro-optical cells.

摘要翻译： 诱导液晶在用于制造电光装置的基板的表面上基本上垂直对准，使得长链醇在气相中与在基底上提供的氧化物涂层上固有地发现的表面OH-反应。 该方法有助于预制电光单元中的液晶取向。

公开(公告)号：US06273921B1

公开(公告)日：2001-08-14

申请号：US09274463

申请日：1999-03-22

申请人： Thomas B. Stanford ,  John D. Margerum ,  Willis H. Smith, Jr.

发明人： Thomas B. Stanford ,  John D. Margerum ,  Willis H. Smith, Jr.

IPC分类号： H01M1038

CPC分类号： H01M10/0525 ,  H01M2/1673 ,  H01M2/36 ,  H01M4/04 ,  H01M6/188 ,  H01M10/052 ,  H01M10/0565 ,  Y10T29/49108

摘要： A method for making batteries wherein the extraction step includes extracting plasticizer using phase shifting of supercritical carbon dioxide. In addition, contacting the extracting cells with pressurized carbon dioxide throughout the fabrication process encourages the formation of a solid electrolyte interphase layer.

摘要翻译： 一种制备电池的方法，其中提取步骤包括使用超临界二氧化碳的相移提取增塑剂。 此外，在整个制造过程中使提取的细胞与加压的二氧化碳接触促进形成固体电解质相间层。

公开(公告)号：US4036647A

公开(公告)日：1977-07-19

申请号：US298715

申请日：1972-10-13

申请人： Robert G. Brault ,  Cesar C. DeAnda ,  Joe A. Jenney ,  John D. Margerum

发明人： Robert G. Brault ,  Cesar C. DeAnda ,  Joe A. Jenney ,  John D. Margerum

IPC分类号： G03C3/00 ,  G03F7/00 ,  G03C1/48

CPC分类号： G03F7/00 ,  G03C3/00

摘要： An improved package for photopolymerized recording materials is disclosed. The package consists essentially of a cover plate, a substrate spaced apart from said cover plate, at least one of the said cover plate or said substrate having a coating on an internal surface of a photopolymerizable compound or a catalyst therefore, and fluid ingress means for introducing fluid into the space between said cover plate and said substrate. In a particularly preferred embodiment the ingress means is associated with a collapsible vessel located outside the basic package. Also disclosed are methods for using the package such as in holographic nondestructive testing.

摘要翻译： 公开了一种改进的光聚合记录材料包装。 所述封装基本上由盖板，与所述盖板间隔开的基板，所述盖板或所述基板中的至少一个在所述可光聚合化合物或催化剂的内表面上具有涂层，以及流体入口装置， 将流体引入到所述盖板和所述基板之间的空间中。 在特别优选的实施例中，入口装置与位于基本包装外部的可折叠容器相关联。 还公开了使用诸如全息非破坏性测试中的包装的方法。