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公开(公告)号：US4464134A
公开(公告)日：1984-08-07
申请号：US329452
申请日：1981-12-10
IPC分类号： G02F1/1337 , G02F1/07
CPC分类号： G02F1/133719
摘要： Liquid crystals are induced to assume substantially perpendicular alignment on the surfaces of substrates used to fabricate electro-optical device by causing long chain alcohols to react in the vapor phases with surface OH.sup.- inherently found on oxide coatings provided on the substrates. The process facilitates liquid crystal alignment in prefabricated electro-optical cells.
摘要翻译： 诱导液晶在用于制造电光装置的基板的表面上基本上垂直对准，使得长链醇在气相中与在基底上提供的氧化物涂层上固有地发现的表面OH-反应。 该方法有助于预制电光单元中的液晶取向。
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2.发明授权
公开(公告)号：US4938568A
公开(公告)日：1990-07-03
申请号：US141033
申请日：1988-01-05
申请人： John D. Margerum , Anna M. Lackner , Elena Ramos , George W. Smith , Nuno A. Vaz , James L. Kohler , Charles R. Allison
发明人： John D. Margerum , Anna M. Lackner , Elena Ramos , George W. Smith , Nuno A. Vaz , James L. Kohler , Charles R. Allison
IPC分类号： C09K19/54 , G02F1/1334
CPC分类号： G02F1/1334 , C09K19/544 , Y10S359/90
摘要： A method of forming a polymer dispersed liquid crystal (PDLC) film is disclosed which consists of forming a solution of LC dissolved in a monomer, photopolymerizing the solution to form a film having a dispersion of LC bubbles therein, establishing a correlation between the LC bubble size and selected characteristics of the film, selecting a LC bubble size corresponding to desired film characteristics, and controlling the conditions of photopolymerization to achieve said LC bubble size. The LC bubble size is controlled by means of the UV exposure intensity, exposure temperature, exposure wavelength, LC concentration and/or concentration of polymerization initiator. Correlations are noted between LC bubble size and the resulting film's threshold and operating voltages for optical transmission, contrast ratio, absolute transmissivity and electro-optical response times. Special types of films, including in situ gratings and holograms, are obtained by periodically varying the conditions of polymerization over the film to produce a corresponding periodic spatial variation in the LC bubble size; different processes used to achieve this result are noted. Films with LC bubbles in a new size regime that significantly decreases the operating voltage threshold, and with gradients in the bubble size, are also disclosed.
摘要翻译： 公开了一种形成聚合物分散液晶（PDLC）膜的方法，该方法由形成溶解在单体中的LC溶液组成，使该溶液光聚合以形成其中具有LC气泡分散的膜，从而建立LC气泡之间的相关性 尺寸和选定的特性，选择对应于期望的膜特性的LC气泡尺寸，以及控制光聚合条件以实现所述LC气泡尺寸。 通过UV曝光强度，曝光温度，曝光波长，LC浓度和/或聚合引发剂的浓度来控制LC气泡尺寸。 在LC气泡尺寸和所得膜的阈值和光透射，对比度，绝对透射率和电光响应时间的工作电压之间存在相关性。 特殊类型的膜，包括原位光栅和全息图，通过周期性地改变膜上的聚合条件来获得LC气泡尺寸中相应的周期性空间变化; 注意到用于实现该结果的不同过程。 还公开了具有显着降低工作电压阈值和气泡尺寸梯度的新尺寸方案中的LC气泡的膜。
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公开(公告)号：US5096282A
公开(公告)日：1992-03-17
申请号：US498076
申请日：1990-03-23
申请人： John D. Margerum , Anna M. Lackner , Elena Ramos , George W. Smith , Nuno Yaz , James L. Kohler , Charles R. Allison
发明人： John D. Margerum , Anna M. Lackner , Elena Ramos , George W. Smith , Nuno Yaz , James L. Kohler , Charles R. Allison
IPC分类号： C09K19/54 , G02F1/1334
CPC分类号： C09K19/544 , G02F1/1334
摘要： A method of forming a polymer dispersed liquid crystal (PDLC) film is disclosed which consists of forming a solution of LC dissolved in a monomer, photopolymerizing the solution to form a film having a dispersion of LC bubbles therein, establishing a correlation between the LC bubble size and selected characteristics of the film, selecting a LC bubble size corresponding to desired film characteristics, and controlling the conditions of photopolymerization to achieve said LC bubble size. The LC bubble size is controlled by means of the UV exposure intensity, exposure temperature, exposure wavelength, LC concentration and/or concentration of polymerization initiator. Correlations are noted between LC bubble size and the resulting film's threshold and operating voltages for optical transmission, contrast ratio, absolute transmissivity and electro-optical response times. Special types of films, including in situ gratings and holograms, are obtained by periodically varying the conditions of polymerization over the film to produce a corresponding periodic spatial variation in the LC bubble size; different processes used to achieve this result are noted. Films with LC bubbles in a new size regime that significantly decreases the operating voltage threshold, and with gradients in the bubble size, are also disclosed.
摘要翻译： 公开了一种形成聚合物分散液晶（PDLC）膜的方法，该方法由形成溶解在单体中的LC溶液组成，使该溶液光聚合以形成其中具有LC气泡分散的膜，从而建立LC气泡之间的相关性 尺寸和选定的特性，选择对应于期望的膜特性的LC气泡尺寸，以及控制光聚合条件以实现所述LC气泡尺寸。 通过UV曝光强度，曝光温度，曝光波长，LC浓度和/或聚合引发剂的浓度来控制LC气泡尺寸。 在LC气泡尺寸和所得膜的阈值和光透射，对比度，绝对透射率和电光响应时间的工作电压之间存在相关性。 特殊类型的膜，包括原位光栅和全息图，通过周期性地改变膜上的聚合条件来获得LC气泡尺寸中相应的周期性空间变化; 注意到用于实现该结果的不同过程。 还公开了具有显着降低工作电压阈值和气泡尺寸梯度的新尺寸方案中的LC气泡的膜。
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4.发明授权Light valves with positive dielectric anisotropy liquid crystal and highly tilted off-perpendicular surface alignment, and associated operating method 失效具有正介电各向异性液晶和高度倾斜的垂直垂直表面对准的光阀，以及相关的操作方法
公开(公告)号：US4917472A
公开(公告)日：1990-04-17
申请号：US168061
申请日：1988-03-14
申请人： John D. Margerum , Anna M. Lackner
发明人： John D. Margerum , Anna M. Lackner
IPC分类号： G02F1/133 , G02F1/1337 , G02F1/135
CPC分类号： G02F1/133719 , G02F1/133734 , G02F1/135
摘要： A liquid crystal cell useful in light valves is disclosed in which positive anisotropy liquid crystals are installed at an initial off-perpendicular alignment within the approximate range of 6.degree.-45.degree.. A light valve employing the cell is initially biased to a voltage approximately corresponding to a transmissivity peak; the selection of the exact bias voltage involves a trade-off between contrast and response speed. The cell surfaces are characterized by generally flat macrostructures and tilted surface microstructures, with an overcoat on the surfaces of a long chain alcohol with alkoxy groups derived therefrom bonded to the tilted surface microstructure. The alcohol molecules have the formula ROH, where R is a carbon chain having at least six carbon atoms therein.
摘要翻译： 公开了一种在光阀中有用的液晶单元，其中正向各向异性液晶以6°-45°的近似范围内的初始垂直取向安装。 采用电池的光阀最初被偏压到大致对应于透射峰的电压; 精确偏置电压的选择涉及对比度和响应速度之间的折衷。 电池表面的特征在于大体平坦的宏观结构和倾斜的表面微观结构，其中在由其衍生的具有烷氧基的长链醇的表面上的外涂层结合到倾斜的表面微结构。 醇分子具有式ROH，其中R是其中具有至少6个碳原子的碳链。
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5.发明授权
公开(公告)号：US5011267A
公开(公告)日：1991-04-30
申请号：US919155
申请日：1986-10-14
IPC分类号： G02F20060101 , G02F1/133 , G02F1/1337 , G02F1/33
CPC分类号： G02F1/133719 , G02F1/133734 , Y10S359/90
摘要： Liquid crystals are induced to assume a uniform tilted alignment in the absence of an applied field by treating the surface of a substrate to provide a desired tilted surface microstructure and free hydroxyl groups. A long chain alcohol having the formula ROH, where R is a carbon chain having at least about 6 carbon atoms therein, is chemically reacted with the tilted surface microstructure and the alkoxy groups derived therefrom are chemically bonded to the microstructure. Subsequently introduced liquid crystals assume a tilted-perpendicular alignment at a tilt angle of about 0.5.degree. to about 6.degree.. The liquid crystals exhibit a significantly greater photostability than has previously been achieved. The microstructure is preferably obtained by depositing sequential layers of SiO.sub.x at medium and shallow grazing angles, where x is from 1 to 2, with the substrate rotated 90.degree. between depositions.
摘要翻译： 通过处理基材的表面以提供期望的倾斜表面微观结构和游离羟基，在不存在施加的场的情况下，诱导液晶呈现均匀的倾斜取向。 具有式ROH的长链醇（其中R是其中具有至少约6个碳原子的碳链）与倾斜的表面微结构化学反应，并且由其衍生的烷氧基化学键合到微结构。 随后引入的液晶呈倾斜角约为0.5度至约6度的倾斜垂直取向。 液晶显示比以前实现的显着更大的光稳定性。 微结构优选通过以中等和浅掠入角沉积顺序的SiO x层，其中x为1至2，衬底在沉积之间旋转90°时获得。
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公开(公告)号：US5194972A
公开(公告)日：1993-03-16
申请号：US837571
申请日：1992-02-18
IPC分类号： H03C7/02
CPC分类号： H03C7/02
摘要： A liquid crystal is used as the phase modulating medium in a microwave phase modulating cell (20). Applied electric and/or magnetic fields transverse to the direction of wave propagation create a birefringence that changes the velocity of wave propagation and the index of refraction of the medium. The phase modulating cell (20) is used singly or in arrays to direct microwave beams.
摘要翻译： 在微波相位调制单元（20）中使用液晶作为相位调制介质。 施加的横向于波传播方向的电场和/或磁场产生改变波传播速度和介质折射率的双折射。 相位调制单元（20）单独或以阵列方式用于引导微波束。
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7.发明授权
公开(公告)号：US5184233A
公开(公告)日：1993-02-02
申请号：US863501
申请日：1992-03-30
摘要： A composite material (20) has electrically conducting, elongated particles (22) dispersed in a liquid crystal (24). The index of refraction to microwaves is controllable by the application of a transverse electric field that aligns the liquid crystal material (24) and the particles (22). A phase modulating cell (31) is formed by placing the composite material (20) inside a microwave wave guide (32), with transverse electrodes (36) built into the sides of the wave guide (32). Another set of transverse electrodes or magnet pole pieces (30) can be provided to align the liquid crystal material (24) and the particles (22) in another direction, thereby switching the index of refraction of the cell (31). The particles (22) may be made of a ferromagnetic material, to permit magentic as well as electrical switching.
摘要翻译： 复合材料（20）具有分散在液晶（24）中的导电的细长颗粒（22）。 通过施加使液晶材料（24）和颗粒（22）对准的横向电场来控制微波的折射率。 通过将复合材料（20）放置在微波波导（32）内部，其中内置有波导管（32）的侧面的横向电极（36）形成相位调制单元（31）。 可以提供另一组横向电极或磁极片（30）以使液晶材料（24）和颗粒（22）在另一方向上对准，从而切换电池（31）的折射率。 颗粒（22）可以由铁磁材料制成，以允许磁性以及电切换。
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8.发明授权Visual display device with fluorescent dye-doped edge-illuminating emitter panel 失效具有荧光染料掺杂边缘照明发射器面板的视觉显示装置
公开(公告)号：US4989956A
公开(公告)日：1991-02-05
申请号：US293875
申请日：1989-01-04
申请人： Wei-Yu Wu , Tsung Y. Hsu , Anna M. Lackner , Willis H. Smith, Jr.
发明人： Wei-Yu Wu , Tsung Y. Hsu , Anna M. Lackner , Willis H. Smith, Jr.
IPC分类号： G02F1/1335 , B60Q1/44 , F21V8/00 , G02F1/13357 , G09F9/35 , G09F13/04 , G09F13/18
CPC分类号： G02B6/0031 , B60Q1/44 , G02B6/0041 , G02B6/0071 , G09F19/205 , G09F9/35 , G09F2013/0472 , G09F2013/185 , G09F2013/1854 , G09F2013/1868
摘要： A light emitting panel is formed of a transparent plastic substrate doped with fluorescent dye which absorbs incident light through a relatively large surface area and emits light of a longer wavelength out through one edge. The incident light may be ambient or produced by a fluorescent light source. The edge emitted light is optically coupled into an edge of a display panel, which may be a polymer dispersed liquid crystal display or a plastic panel having a display surface formed with an etched or printed pattern, grating or hologram. The substrate materials of the emitting and display panels, as well as an optical adhesive which joins the edges thereof, preferably have an essentially similar index of refraction which is larger than that of air causing light propagating through the panels to be internally reflected and exit the structure only through the pattern on the display surface. The display panel is preferably transparent in the absence of light incident on the emitting panel, and produces a display visible from only one direction upon application of incident light. The display panel may be constituted as a center-high-mounted stop light for an automotive vehicle.
摘要翻译： 发光面板由掺杂有荧光染料的透明塑料基板形成，该荧光染料通过相对较大的表面积吸收入射光，并通过一个边缘发射较长波长的光。 入射光可以是环境的或由荧光光源产生的。 边缘发射光被光学耦合到显示面板的边缘，显示面板可以是聚合物分散的液晶显示器或具有形成有蚀刻或印刷图案，光栅或全息图的显示表面的塑料面板。 发光和显示面板的基板材料以及连接其边缘的光学粘合剂优选地具有基本相似的折射率，该折射率大于空气的折射率，从而使通过面板传播的光被内部反射并离开 结构仅通过显示表面上的图案。 在不存在入射到发光面板上的光的情况下，显示面板优选是透明的，并且在施加入射光时产生仅从一个方向可见的显示器。 显示面板可以构成为用于机动车辆的中心高安装的停止灯。
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9.发明授权Shaped voltage pulse method for operating a polymer dispersed liquid crystal cell, and light valve employing the same 失效用于操作聚合物分散液晶细胞的成形电压脉冲方法和使用它的光阀
公开(公告)号：US5170271A
公开(公告)日：1992-12-08
申请号：US648479
申请日：1991-01-31
IPC分类号： G02F1/133 , G02F1/1333 , G02F1/1334 , G02F1/135 , G09G3/36
CPC分类号： G02F1/1334 , G02F1/135 , G02F2203/02
摘要： A shaped voltage pulse is applied to a polymer dispersed liquid crystal (PDLC) cell to control its transmission characteristics. The voltage has an initially high level that substantially exceeds the PDLC's threshold voltage. The initial voltage duration is relatively short, and is followed by a gradual reduction of the voltage to a level less than the threshold voltage within a given time frame; the voltage is preferably reduced at a generally exponential rate. Fast response is obtained by setting the initial voltage substantially above the voltage level that corresponds to the desired transmission level in the steady state; the voltage decays from its initial level so that the PDLC transmission actually peaks at the desired range. The shaped waveform forces the PDLC to operate on a hysteresis curve along which the reduction in transmission is delayed as the voltage decays, thereby increasing the cell's optical throughput. The invention is particularly applicable to liquid crystal light valves.
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公开(公告)号：US5099343A
公开(公告)日：1992-03-24
申请号：US357510
申请日：1989-05-25
IPC分类号： G02F1/1333 , G02F1/1334 , G02F1/1335 , G02F1/13357 , G02F1/1343 , G09F9/00
CPC分类号： G02F1/133615 , G02F1/1334
摘要： A high contrast display is provided by illuminating a polymer dispersed liquid crystal (PDLC) display panel through opposite edges thereof. Light is scattered out the front of the panel from non-activated areas of the PDLC in which the refractive indices of the liquid crystal and polymer matrix materials are mismatched. For a direct view transmission mode display, the rear of the panel is blackened so that activated areas of the PDLC in which the refractive indices of the materials are matched transmit edge-illuminated and ambient light and appear black. For a reflection mode display usable in combination with projection optics, the rear of the panel is provided with a mirror surface, and ambient light is prevented from reaching the panel.
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