摘要:
The present invention provides an ion exchange membrane having a porous polymeric support grafted with an organic moiety to which is covalently bonded at least one ion exchange group, and methods for preparing the ion exchange membrane. A method for treating a fluid containing ions wherein ions are removed by contacting the fluid with an ion exchange membrane of the present invention is also provided. In addition, the present invention provides a filtration apparatus for removing ions from a fluid, which filtration apparatus utilizes an ion exchange membrane of the present invention.
摘要:
The present invention provides a rechargeable battery comprising (a) a container having a top, a bottom, and one or more side walls, and, positioned within the container, (b) an anode subject to shedding during charge/discharge cycling, (c) a cathode subject to shedding during charge/discharge cycling, (d) a separator between the anode and the cathode, (e) an electrolyte, and (f) means to inhibit the formation of a conductive pathway between the anode and the cathode sufficient to render the battery incapable of holding a charge by way of the material shed from the anode and the cathode during charge/discharge cycling. The present invention also provides a method of preparing such a rechargeable battery.
摘要:
This invention is a surgical device for producing a circular, interlamellar channel within the corneal stroma. An intracorneal ring can be implanted into this channel at the corneal periphery modifying the corneal curvature while sparing the important central optical zone of the cornea. This channel is formed by the sequential use of two separate instruments. The first instrument, the channel-guide dissector, is a circular dissecting instrument which is a split ring dissector with the dissecting end having a blunt tip and the other end connected to a handle. The important aspect of this channel-guide dissector is that it has a relatively narrow width which results in production of a lamellar corneal channel that is typically too narrow for the insertion of a typical intracorneal ring for myopic adjustment.
摘要:
This disclosure is directed to fluorocarbon polymers, polymeric membranes, and electrochemical cells and processes. The polymers and membranes are produced by radiation techniques to provide improved products. For example, .alpha.,.beta.,.beta.-trifluorostyrene in an inert organic solvent is grafted onto an inert film, such as tetrafluoroethylene-hexafluoropropylene copolymer, by irradiation, i.e. with Co-60 gamma radiation at a dose of several Mrad. The grafted film is then sulfonated, preferably in a chlorosulfonic acid bath. The resulting film is useful as a membrane or diaphragm in various electrochemical cells such as chlor-alkali or fuel cells.
摘要:
Methods are disclosed for adjusting corneal curvature to correct the refractive error of an eye. The method comprises a first corrective event in which the corneal curvature is adjusted to correct the eye to 20/20 vision or slightly over-correct the eye past 20/20 vision. After the first corrective event, a second corrective event adjusts the corneal curvature to 20/20 vision. The second corrective event causes significantly less trauma to the eye, and thus, compared to the first corrective event, the error from healing and other factors is greatly reduced in this second corrective event. Devices for implementing these methods are also disclosed.
摘要:
This disclosure is directed to polymer membranes to be used in electrochemical cells and improved processes for producing the same. The membranes are produced by radiation grafting techniques. The improved process includes the grafting of a hydrophilic monomer, such as methacrylic acid in a chlorinated organic solvent onto an inert base film such as polyethylene. The process also includes but is not limited to the use of inhibitors to limit homopolymerization of a grafting material, as well as emulsifying agents to lower the electrolytic resistance of the finished membrane.
摘要:
An apparatus for adjusting the corneal curvature of the eye comprising a corneal implant having an elongated, hollow tubular shell which is implantable into the cornea in encircling relation to the central optic zone of the cornea. The implant has hinged portions along its the inner and outer arcs, and the corneal implant is filled with a predetermined amount of a biocompatible material in various forms such as rings or strands. The biocompatible material is strategically located within the flexible shell to alter its dimensions in thickness or diameter and thereby adjust the corneal curvature to correct refractive error.
摘要:
The present invention provides a battery separator comprising (a) a nonwoven web of fibers having a mean diameter of about 15 .mu.m or less and (b) a graft polymerized monomer on the surface of the nonwoven web which renders the nonwoven web spontaneously wettable by an alkaline electrolyte, wherein the nonwoven web comprises at least about 60 wt. % of a first polyolefin having a first melting temperature and no more than about 40 wt. % of a second polyolefin having a second melting temperature which is lower than the first melting temperature, the nonwoven web has been subjected to a temperature between the first and second melting temperatures, and the nonwoven web has a thickness of at least about 50 .mu.m. The present invention also provides a battery containing such a battery separator, as well as a method of preparing such a battery separator and battery.
摘要:
This invention relates to an irradiation grafting process for preparing separator membranes for use in electrochemical cells, comprising contacting a polymeric base film with an aqueous solution of a hypophilic monomer and a polymerization retardant; and irradiating, said contacted film to form a graft membrane having low electrical resistivity and having monomer molecules uniformly grafted thereon.
摘要:
This disclosure is directed to fluorocarbon polymers, polymeric membranes, and electrochemical cells and processes. The polymers and membranes are produced by radiation techniques to provide improved products. For example, .alpha.,.beta.,.beta.-trifluorostyrene in an inert organic solvent is grafted onto an inert film, such as tetrafluoroethylene-hexafluoropropylene copolymer, by irradiation, i.e. with Co-60 gamma radiation at a dose of several Mrad. The grafted film is then sulfonated, preferably in a chlorosulfonic acid bath. The resulting film is useful as a membrane or diaphragm in various electrochemical cells such as chlor-alkali or fuel cells.