公开(公告)号：US4772785A

公开(公告)日：1988-09-20

申请号：US125021

申请日：1987-11-24

申请人： Li-Jen Cheng ,  Hua-Kuang Liu

发明人： Li-Jen Cheng ,  Hua-Kuang Liu

IPC分类号： G02F1/03 ,  H01J3/14

CPC分类号： G02F1/0338

摘要： Apparatus is provided which greatly reduces the intensity of bright portions of an image while only moderately reducing the brightness of dimmer portions of the image, to thereby compress the range of light intensities to facilitate detection of the image. The apparatus includes a light detector device formed by a chip of photorefractive material. A two-dimensional array of light beams from an object to be detected, passes through a beam splitter to form two arrays of light beams. The two arrays of light beams are directed at different angles against a surface of the chip of photorefractive material, the two arrays of light beams forming coincident images on the surface. One of the two-dimensional arrays of beams emerging from an opposite surface of the chip has a lower range of intensities, to facilitate detection of the object despite very bright spots on its image. The other array of light beams energing from the chip has a greater range of intensities than the unprocessed image of the object.

摘要翻译： 提供了大大降低图像的亮部的强度的装置，同时仅适度地降低图像的调光部分的亮度，从而压缩光强度范围以便于图像的检测。 该装置包括由光折射材料芯片形成的光检测器装置。 来自被检测物体的光束的二维阵列通过分束器以形成两个光束阵列。 两个光束阵列相对于光折射材料芯片的表面以不同的角度被引导，两个光束阵列在表面上形成一致的图像。 从芯片的相对表面出射的二维光束阵列中的一个具有较低的强度范围，以便于尽管在其图像上存在非常亮点的物体的检测。 从芯片通电的其他光束阵列具有比未处理的对象图像更大的强度范围。

公开(公告)号：US5539543A

公开(公告)日：1996-07-23

申请号：US192476

申请日：1994-01-27

申请人： Hua-Kuang Liu ,  Shaomin Zhou

发明人： Hua-Kuang Liu ,  Shaomin Zhou

IPC分类号： G02B5/32 ,  G06E3/00 ,  G02G1/29

CPC分类号： G06E3/006 ,  G02B5/32 ,  G03H1/0005 ,  G03H1/2294 ,  G03H2225/32

摘要： A system for optically providing one-to-many irregular interconnections, and strength-adjustable many-to-many irregular interconnections which may be provided with strengths (weights) w.sub.ij using multiple laser beams which address multiple holograms and means for combining the beams modified by the holograms to form multiple interconnections, such as a cross-bar switching network. The optical means for interconnection is based on entering a series of complex computer-generated holograms on an electrically addressed spatial light modulator for real-time reconfigurations, thus providing flexibility for interconnection networks for large-scale practical use. By employing multiple sources and holograms, the number of interconnection patterns achieved is increased greatly.

摘要翻译： 一种用于光学提供一对多不规则互连的系统，以及强度可调的多对多不规则互连，其可以使用多个激光束提供强度（权重）wij，所述多个激光束寻址多个全息图，以及用于组合由 全息图形成多个互连，例如横杆切换网络。 用于互连的光学装置基于在电寻址的空间光调制器上进行一系列复杂的计算机生成的全息图，用于实时重新配置，从而为用于大规模实际应用的互连网络提供灵活性。 通过采用多个源和全息图，实现的互连图案的数量大大增加。

公开(公告)号：US5005954A

公开(公告)日：1991-04-09

申请号：US310992

申请日：1989-02-16

申请人： Hua-Kuang Liu

发明人： Hua-Kuang Liu

IPC分类号： G06E3/00

CPC分类号： G06E3/001

摘要： A method and apparatus for generation of second-rank tensors using a photorefractive crystal to perform the outer-product between two vectors via four-wave mixing, thereby taking 2n input data to a control n.sup.2 output data points. Two orthogonal amplitude modulated coherent vector beams x and y are expanded and then collimated before directing them onto two opposing parallel sides of the photorefractive crystal in exact opposition. A beamsplitter is used to direct a coherent pumping beam onto the crystal at an appropriate angle so as to produce a conjugate beam that is the matrix product of the vector beams x and y, and to separate the resulting conjugate beam that propagates in the exact opposite direction from the pumping beam. The conjugate beam thus separated is the tensor output xy.sup.T.

摘要翻译： 使用光折射晶体生成二次张量的方法和装置，通过四波混频来执行两个矢量之间的外积，从而将2n个输入数据输入到控制n2个输出数据点。 两个正交幅度调制的相干矢量束x和y在将它们精确地相对地引导到光折射晶体的两个相对的平行侧之前被扩展然后被准直。 分束器用于将相干泵浦光束以适当的角度引导到晶体上，以便产生作为矢量束x和y的矩阵乘积的共轭光束，并将所得到的共轭光束分离成恰好相反 来自泵浦梁的方向。 这样分离的共轭束是张量输出xyT。

公开(公告)号：US5019898A

公开(公告)日：1991-05-28

申请号：US344243

申请日：1989-04-26

申请人： Tien-Hsin Chao ,  Hua-Kuang Liu

发明人： Tien-Hsin Chao ,  Hua-Kuang Liu

IPC分类号： G02F1/23 ,  H04N9/43 ,  H04N13/00

CPC分类号： H04N9/43 ,  G02F1/23 ,  H04N19/597 ,  H04N13/0037 ,  H04N13/0207 ,  H04N13/0434

摘要： A method and apparatus are disclosed for real-time optical broadband pseudocolor encoding of an image. A light polarization spatial modulator is utilized to density encode an incident beam of plane-polarized light; the beam is dispersed into its primary colors; the polarizations of the dispersed beams are analyzed to produce positive, negative, and bidirectionally modualated images which are each separately encoded with a primary color; and the primary-color encoded beams are combined to produce a pseudocolored image. In a preferred embodiment the pseudocolor encoding apparatus comprises a compact white-light projection system and a liquid-crystal television spatial light polarization modulator. The invention makes possible the large-screen display of broadband pseudocolor images from real-world input scenes from a television camera.

摘要翻译： 公开了用于图像的实时光学宽带伪彩色编码的方法和装置。 利用光偏振空间调制器对平面偏振光的入射光进行浓度编码; 光束分散成其原色; 分析分散光束的极化以产生正，负和双向调制的图像，它们分别用原色编码; 并且原色编码的光束被组合以产生伪着色图像。 在优选实施例中，伪彩色编码装置包括紧凑的白光投影系统和液晶电视空间光偏振调制器。 本发明使来自电视摄像机的真实世界输入场景的宽屏伪彩色图像的大屏幕显示成为可能。

公开(公告)号：US4772101A

公开(公告)日：1988-09-20

申请号：US927972

申请日：1986-11-07

申请人： Hua-Kuang Liu

发明人： Hua-Kuang Liu

IPC分类号： G06E3/00 ,  G02F1/13 ,  G02B27/46

CPC分类号： G06E3/005

摘要： An optical processor is provided which facilitates selection of any of a variety of patterns or images which are to be compared with a Fourier transform of a template image, wherein the processor can be constructed at low cost. One of the two images that are to be compared is formed by generating video signals representing the image and using those signals to drive a liquid crystal array through which light passes.

摘要翻译： 提供了一种光学处理器，其有助于选择要与模板图像的傅立叶变换进行比较的各种图案或图像中的任何一种，其中可以以低成本构造处理器。 要比较的两个图像中的一个通过产生表示图像的视频信号并使用这些信号来驱动光通过的液晶阵列而形成。

公开(公告)号：US5161027A

公开(公告)日：1992-11-03

申请号：US632408

申请日：1990-12-21

申请人： Hua-Kuang Liu

发明人： Hua-Kuang Liu

IPC分类号： G02F1/1335 ,  H04N9/31

CPC分类号： H04N9/3108 ,  G02F1/133504

摘要： A relatively small and low-cost system is provided for projecting a large and bright television image onto a screen. A minature liquid crystal array is driven by video circuitry to produce a pattern of transparencies in the array corresponding to a television image. Light is directed against the rear surface of the array to illuminate it, while a projection lens lies in front of the array to project the image of the array onto a large screen. Grid lines in the liquid crystal array are eliminated by a spacial filter which comprises a negative of the Fourier transform of the grid.

摘要翻译： 提供了一种相对较小和低成本的系统，用于将大而明亮的电视图像投影到屏幕上。 微型液晶阵列由视频电路驱动以产生对应于电视图像的阵列中的透明度图案。 光指向阵列的后表面以照亮它，而投影透镜位于阵列的前面，将阵列的图像投影到大屏幕上。 液晶阵列中的网格线被包含网格的傅立叶变换的负的空间滤波器消除。

公开(公告)号：US4262070A

公开(公告)日：1981-04-14

申请号：US141651

申请日：1980-04-18

申请人： Hua-Kuang Liu

发明人： Hua-Kuang Liu

IPC分类号： G03C5/08 ,  G03F5/16 ,  G03C5/00 ,  G03F5/00

CPC分类号： G03C5/08 ,  G03F5/16

摘要： A method of making a halftone contact screen having a plurality of discrete different optical transmittance levels by making multiple relative translations of light-sensitive material under and in close contact with a ruling mask while exposures to light through the ruling mask are made between the translations. The mask comprises a thin flat plate having an array of parallel periodic equal width opaque straight bars separated by an array of parallel equal width transparent bars. In a first process, translations are normally made perpendicular to the parallel of the bars. Two-dimensional or dot halftone contact screens are made by repeating the process wherein the light-sensitive material is rotated relative to the ruling mask, in its own plane, at an angle greater than zero to the direction of the ruling bars during the first process. Using the single process creates a line halftone contact screen; adding the second process creates a dot halftone contact screen. The effective translation distance between two successive exposures is a non-integral multiple of half of the total width of a single pair of opaque and transparent bars in the ruling mask.

摘要翻译： 通过在感光材料的多个相对平移与刻线掩模之间进行多个相对平移，同时通过刻线掩模曝光于光之间，形成具有多个离散的不同光透射率水平的半色调接触屏幕的方法。 掩模包括具有由平行的相等宽度的透明条的阵列分开的平行周期性等宽不透明直条的阵列的薄平板。 在第一个过程中，通常使平行垂直于条的平行。 二维或点半色调接触屏幕是通过重复其中感光材料相对于刻线掩模在其自身平面中以与第一过程中的标尺的方向大于零的角度相对旋转的过程制成的 。 使用单个进程创建一个直线半色调联系屏幕; 添加第二个过程创建点半色调联系屏幕。 两次连续曝光之间的有效平移距离是裁定掩模中单对不透明和透明条的总宽度的一半的非整数倍。

公开(公告)号：US4188225A

公开(公告)日：1980-02-12

申请号：US894902

申请日：1978-04-10

申请人： Hua-Kuang Liu

发明人： Hua-Kuang Liu

IPC分类号： G03F5/12 ,  G03F5/00

CPC分类号： G03F5/12

摘要： An improved halftone dot screen for use in reproduction of continuous-tone graphic images is disclosed. The screen comprises a two-dimensional matrix of cells (dots) each cell having a common pattern of transmittance to radiation utilized in the reproduction process. The common pattern of transmittance for each cell is characterized by a finite number of different discrete transmittance level patterns. In a preferred embodiment, these patterns include portions arranged along the respective sides of a parallelogram. In one preferred embodiment, the discrete transmittance level patterns comprise an array of concentric parallelograms. Each parallelogram has a plurality of dot portions arranged along the sides of the parallelogram. The sides of the parallelogram patterns are preferably disposed at a substantial angle to the horizontal to reduce moire and rosette pattern effects and to simplify the reproduction process.

摘要翻译： 公开了一种用于再现连续色调图形图像的改进的半色调点阵屏幕。 屏幕包括每个单元的单元的二维矩阵（点），其具有与在再现处理中使用的辐射的透射率的共同图案。 每个单元的透射率的共同图案的特征在于有限数量的不同离散透射率水平图案。 在优选实施例中，这些图案包括沿着平行四边形的各个侧面布置的部分。 在一个优选实施例中，离散透射率水平图案包括同心平行四边形阵列。 每个平行四边形具有沿着平行四边形的侧面布置的多个点部分。 平行四边形图案的侧面优选地以与水平面相当的角度设置，以减少莫尔条纹和玫瑰花纹图案效果并简化再现过程。

公开(公告)号：US5544280A

公开(公告)日：1996-08-06

申请号：US73018

申请日：1993-06-07

申请人： Hua-Kuang Liu ,  Jacob Barhen ,  Nabil H. Farhat ,  Chwan-Hwa Wu

发明人： Hua-Kuang Liu ,  Jacob Barhen ,  Nabil H. Farhat ,  Chwan-Hwa Wu

IPC分类号： G06N3/067 ,  G06F15/46

CPC分类号： G06N3/0675

摘要： A unipolar terminal-attractor based neural associative memory (TABAM) system with adaptive threshold for perfect convergence is presented. By adaptively setting the threshold values for the dynamic iteration for the unipolar binary neuron states with terminal-attractors for the purpose of reducing the spurious states in a Hopfield neural network for associative memory and using the inner-product approach, perfect convergence and correct retrieval is achieved. Simulation is completed with a small number of stored states (M) and a small number of neurons (N) but a large M/N ratio. An experiment with optical exclusive-OR logic operation using LCTV SLMs shows the feasibility of optoelectronic implementation of the models. A complete inner-product TABAM is implemented using a PC for calculation of adaptive threshold values to achieve a unipolar TABAM (UIT) in the case where there is no crosstalk, and a crosstalk model (CRIT) in the case where crosstalk corrupts the desired state.

摘要翻译： 提出了一种基于单极端子吸引子的神经相关记忆（TABAM）系统，具有完美收敛的自适应阈值。 通过自适应地设置用于具有终端吸引子的单极二进制神经元状态的动态迭代的阈值，以减少用于关联存储器的Hopfield神经网络中的伪状态并且使用内积法，完美收敛和正确检索是 实现了 模拟完成了少量存储状态（M）和少量神经元（N），但是M / N比较大。 使用LCTV SLM进行光学异或逻辑运算的实验显示了光电子实现模型的可行性。 使用PC实现完整的内部产品TABAM，用于计算自适应阈值以在没有串扰的情况下实现单极性TABAM（UIT），并且在串扰破坏所需状态的情况下使用串扰模型（CRIT） 。

公开(公告)号：US4924507A

公开(公告)日：1990-05-08

申请号：US154718

申请日：1988-02-11

申请人： Tien-Hsin Chao ,  Hua-Kuang Liu

发明人： Tien-Hsin Chao ,  Hua-Kuang Liu

IPC分类号： G06K9/76

CPC分类号： G06K9/76

摘要： System for optically recognizing and tracking a plurality of objects within a field of vision. Laser (46) produces a coherent beam (48). Beam splitter (24) splits the beam into object (26) and reference (28) beams. Beam expanders (50) and collimators (52) transform the beams (26, 28) into coherent collimated light beams (26', 28'). A two-dimensional SLM (54), disposed in the object beam (26'), modulates the object beam with optical information as a function of signals from a first camera (16) which develops X and Y signals reflecting the contents of its field of vision. A hololens (38), positioned in the object beam (26') subsequent to the modulator (54), focuses the object beam at a plurality of focal points (42). A planar transparency-forming film (32), disposed with the focal points on an exposable surface, forms a multiple position interference filter (62) upon exposure of the surface and development processing of the film (32). A reflector (53) directing the reference beam (28') onto the film (32), exposes the surface, with images focused by the hololens (38), to form interference patterns on the surface. There is apparatus (16', 64) for sensing and indicating light passage through respective ones of the positions of the filter (62), whereby recognition of objects corresponding to respective ones of the positions of the filter (62) is affected. For tracking, apparatus (64) focuses light passing through the filter (62) onto a matrix of CCD's in a second camera (16') to form a two-dimensional display of the recognized objects.

摘要翻译： 用于在视野范围内光学识别和跟踪多个物体的系统。 激光器（46）产生相干光束（48）。 光束分离器（24）将光束分成对象（26）和参考（28）光束。 光束扩展器（50）和准直器（52）将光束（26,28）变换成相干的准直光束（26 + 40,28'）。 设置在物体光束（26'）中的二维SLM（54）根据来自第一照相机（16）的信号的光学信息调制物体光束，该照相机产生反映其场景的内容的X和Y信号 的视野。 位于调制器（54）之后的物体光束（26'）中的全息图（38）将对象光束聚焦在多个焦点（42）处。 在曝光表面和薄膜（32）的显影处理之后，将具有焦点放置在可曝光表面上的平面透明度形成膜（32）形成多位置干涉滤光器（62）。 将参考光束（28'）引导到胶片（32）上的反射器（53）使由所述全息图（38）聚焦的图像露出所述表面，以在所述表面上形成干涉图案。 存在用于感测和指示通过过滤器（62）的各个位置的光通过的装置（16'，64），由此对与过滤器（62）的各个位置相对应的物体的识别受到影响。 为了跟踪，装置（64）将通过过滤器（62）的光聚焦到第二相机（16'）中的CCD的矩阵上，以形成识别对象的二维显示。