摘要:
A process for dewatering hydrocyanic acid by distillation, which comprises distilling crude hydrocyanic acid containing from 50 to 99.9% by weight of HCN, from 0.1 to 40% by weight of water, from 0 to 15% by weight of carbon oxides and optionally from 0.01 to 1% by weight of an involatile stablilizer, at a pressure of from 1 bar to 2.5 bar, a bottom temperature of from 100° C. to 130° C. and a top temperature of from 25° C. to 54° C., in the absence of a volatile stabilizer, in a distillation column to obtain a top draw stream containing purified, anhydrous hydrocyanic acid and carbon oxides and a bottom draw stream comprising water and, where appropriate, the involatile stabilizer.
摘要:
The invention is a process for preparing tetraalkyl-substituted biphenol which comprises reacting a 2,4- or 2,6-dialkyl substituted phenol in which the alkyl groups contain 1 to 6 carbon atoms with a peroxidase enzyme in the presence of a peroxide in an aqueous medium to yield a tetraalkyl-substituted biphenol by oxidative coupling of the 2,4- or 2,6-dialkyl substituted phenol, or yielding a tetra-alkyl substituted quinone, and reducing the quinone to obtain a tetraalkyl-substituted biphenol. The invention further includes a process for preparing a tetraaryl-substituted biphenol in which the aryl groups contain 6 to 10 carbon atoms which comprises racting a 2,4 or 2,6 diarylphenol with a peroxidase enzyme to yield a tetraaryl-substituted biphenol. A process for reducing a tetraalkyl-substituted quinone to corresponding tetraalkyl-substituted biphenol which comprises reducing the quinone with a phenol in an aqueous medium at a temperature of about 60° to 120° C. is also included.
摘要:
The invention relates to phosphinite phosphites I of formula 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6 and mixtures thereof, wherein R1, R2, R4 independently represent an alkyl or alkylene group with 1 to 8 carbon atoms, provided that at least one of the groups R1, R2, R4 is different from H; R5 to R22 independently represent H, an alkyl or alkylene group with 1 to 8 carbon atoms; R3 is H, methyl or ethyl; X is F, Cl or CF3, if n=1 or 2 and X is H, if n=0.
摘要:
A process for hydrocyanating an olefinically unsaturated nitrile in the presence of an Ni(0)-containing catalyst, which comprises carrying out the reaction in the presence of a hydrocarbon which leads under certain pressure, concentration and temperature conditions to the formation of at least two liquid phases of the overall system, of which one phase has a higher proportion of the Ni(0)-containing catalyst, based on the total weight of this phase, than the other phase or other phases.
摘要:
A method for producing 3-pentenenitrile is provided that includes: (a) isomerizing an educt stream containing 2-methyl-3-butenenitrile on at least one dissolved or dispersed isomerisation catalyst to form a stream (1), which contains the isomerisation catalyst(s), 2-methyl-3-butenenitrile, 3-pentenenitrile and (Z)-2-methyl-2-butenenitrile; (b) distilling the stream (1) to obtain a stream (2) as the overhead product, which contains 2-methyl-3-butenenitrile, 3-pentenenitrile and (Z)-2-methyl-2-butenenitrile and a stream (3) as the bottom product, which contains the isomerisation catalyst(s); (c) distilling the stream (2) to obtain a stream (4) as the overhead product, which is enriched with (Z)-2-methyl-2-butenenitrile in comparison to stream (2), and a stream (5) as the bottom product, which is enriched with 3-pentenenitrile and 2-methyl-3-butenenitrile in comparison to stream (2); (d) distilling stream (5) to obtain a stream (6) as the bottom product, which contains 3-pentenenitrile and a stream (7) as the head product containing 2-methyl-3-butenenitrile.
摘要:
A method for producing 3-pentenenitrile is provided that includes: (a) isomerizing an educt stream containing 2-methyl-3-butenenitrile on at least one dissolved or dispersed isomerization catalyst to form a stream (1), which contains the isomerization catalyst(s), 2-methyl-3-butenenitrile, 3-pentenenitrile and (Z)-2-methyl-2-butenenitrile; (b) distilling the stream (1) to obtain a stream (2) as the overhead product, which contains 2-methyl-3-butenenitrile, 3-pentenenitrile and (Z)-2-methyl-2-butenenitrile and a stream (3) as the bottom product, which contains the isomerization catalyst(s); (c) distilling the stream (2) to obtain a stream (4) as the overhead product, which is enriched with (Z)-2-methyl-2-butenenitrile in comparison to stream (2), and a stream (5) as the bottom product, which is enriched with 3-pentenenitrile and 2-methyl-3-butenenitrile in comparison to stream (2); (d) distilling stream (5) to obtain a stream (6) as the bottom product, which contains 3-pentenenitrile and a stream (7) as the head product containing 2-methyl-3-butenenitrile.
摘要:
A process is described for preparing a nickel(0)-phosphorus ligand complex containing at least one nickel(0)central atom and at least one phosphorus ligand, which comprises reducing a nickel(II) halide dried by azeotropic distillation in the presence of at least one phosphorus ligand.
摘要:
The invention relates to phosphinite phosphites I of formula 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6 and mixtures thereof, wherein R1, R2, R4 independently represent an alkyl or alkylene group with 1 to 8 carbon atoms, provided that at least one of the groups R1, R2, R4 is different from H; R5 to R22 independently represent H, an alkyl or alkylene group with 1 to 8 carbon atoms; R3 is H, methyl or ethyl; X is F, Cl or CF3, if n=1 or 2 and X is H, if n=0.
摘要:
A process is described for preparing adiponitrile by hydrocyanating 1,3-butadiene over a catalyst, by, in a first process step, hydrocyanating 1,3-butadiene to 3-pentenenitrile over at least one nickel(0) catalyst, and, in a second process step, hydrocyanating 3-pentenenitrile to adiponitrile over at least one nickel(0) catalyst with addition of at least one Lewis acid, wherein at least one of the at least one nickel(0) catalysts used in the particular process steps is transferred into the other process step.
摘要:
A process is described for isomerizing pentenenitrile in a reactant stream, wherein the isomerization is effected over a homogeneously dissolved catalyst.