摘要:
The invention relates to a method for carrying out polycondensation reactions, according to which the polycondensation of a monomeric starting material is carried out with external supply of heat in a reactor combination which has at least two stages and is composed of a pre-reactor and a high-viscosity reactor, where the low-molecular-weight elimination products produced are removed by evaporation. In the pre-reactor, the reaction product is concentrated to give a high-viscosity preliminary product. The high-viscosity preliminary product is then fed to the high-viscosity reactor, in which it reacts to completion with simultaneous introduction of thermal and mechanical energy and with a residence time of from 20 s to 60 min to give a polycondensation product.
摘要:
Polymers having recurring succinyl units are obtained by an improved process by reaction of A, an unsaturated C.sub.4 -dicarboxylic acid or a derivative thereof, with B, a nitrogen-donating compound, in a first reaction step to give a reaction mixture comprising at least one low molecular weight reaction product, and subsequent continuous feeding of the reaction mixture into a continuously operated reactor to give the polymer in a second reaction step. In a further embodiment the invention refers to polymers having recurring succinyl units prepared by reaction of an unsaturated C.sub.4 -dicarboxylic acid or a derivative thereof with a nitrogen-donating compound in a first reaction step and subsequent feeding of the reaction mixture, without intermediate isolation, into an optionally continuously operated reactor, with removal of water, and treatment of the reaction mixture at a temperature of 140 to 350.degree. C.
摘要:
Textiles are washed with a liquid washing agent, softened water, and salts of at least one polycarboxylic acid. The polycarboxylic acids are present in part as sodium salt and in part as calcium or magnesium salt.
摘要:
A process for the preparation of iminodisuccinic acid alkali metal salts by reaction of maleic acid and ammonia in an aqueous medium in the presence of alkali metal hydroxides and working up thereof.
摘要:
Polysuccinimide and polyaspartic acid are prepared by polymerizing maleic anhydride, ammonia and water or maleic acid derivatives or fumaric acid derivatives in bulk or dissolved in solvents in a continuous kneading reactor. The polysuccinimide formed can be converted into polyaspartic acid and polyaspartate salts by hydrolysis.
摘要:
The plasticity of ceramic compositions and dispersions can be improved by addition of at least one polymer (I) with recurring succinyl units. This effect can be reversed by addition of a setting accelerator (II); preferred setting accelerators are polymers (II) of the polyalkylenepolyamine type.
摘要:
Polymers with recurring succinyl units are prepared by reaction of maleic anhydride, maleic acid or fumaric acid with condensed liquid ammonia and polymerization of the resulting reaction product.
摘要:
A process for the preparation of iminodisuccinic acid alkali metal salts by reaction of maleic acid and ammonia in an aqueous medium in the presence of alkali metal hydroxides and working up thereof.
摘要:
Polyaspartic acid is prepared by reacting maleic anhydride and ammonia to give maleamic acid, polymerizing the maleamic acid and subsequently hydrolyzing the product to give polyaspartic acid or a salt thereof.