Abstract:
The injection system (1) comprises a pump (7) designed to send fuel at high pressure to an accumulation volume, for example formed by a common rail (6), for supplying a plurality of injectors (5). The pump (7) comprises at least one pumping element (18) actuated with reciprocating motion with a compression stroke (Pi-Ps) at a sinusoidal speed (24), in synchronism with each step of fuel injection. The injection system (1) comprises at least one by-pass solenoid valve (14), which is controlled by a chopper control unit (16, 28) for modulating the delivery of the pumping element (18) by varying both the instant of start (To) and the instant of end (T1) of delivery during the compression stroke (Pi-Ps), in such a way that the delivery is synchronous with the injection phase.
Abstract:
An evaluation method in which a capacitive sensor is placed in a region of a container, into which a granular material is fed so as to contact the sensor, and the variation in the impedance of the sensor caused by feeding in the material is evaluated. The method is particularly useful for evaluating the compactness of sand in a formwork for making metal castings. The evaluation system includes a sensor defined by plates sensitive to the variation in the dielectric; and a conditioning and control circuit for indicating the variation in the capacitance of the plates, or more generally the total impedance of the system, when the granular material is fed into the container. In one embodiment, the plates of the sensor are defined by two combs made of conducting material, having two numbers of interlacing segments, and located on a rigid or flexible support.
Abstract:
In a gas-supply system for internal-combustion engines, a pressure-reducing valve is set between the reservoir of the gas and a distribution manifold or rail that feeds the gas to a series of electromagnetically controlled injectors associated to the various cylinders of the engine. The pressure-reducing valve brings about a pressure drop which depends upon a pilot-pressure signal that is sent thereto by a pilot solenoid valve. The electrical supply to the solenoid of said pilot solenoid valve is controlled by an electronic control unit according to the signal issued by a sensor of the pressure in the rail for the purpose of regulating the pressure in the rail at a desired level, according to the operating conditions of the engine.
Abstract:
A method is described for producing a light source comprising a matrix of micro-filaments able to emit light by incandescence when powered by an electrical current. According to the invention, on the matrix electrical and/or mechanical connections are obtained by means of an agglomeration of carbon nanotubes at least partially ordered with respect to each other. The matrix can be formed extending a single uninterrupted wire, some segments whereof mutually cross.
Abstract:
The system includes at least one transmission belt operable to couple the drive shafts of auxiliary devices with a pulley operatively connectable to the crankshaft of the internal combustion engine, and a servo controlled clutch operable selectively to control the coupling of the pulley with the crankshaft of the internal combustion engine. Between the pulley and the crankshaft of the engine is interposed an overrun clutch such that when the angular velocity of the crankshaft is greater than and, respectively, less than that of the pulley, the pulley is able to be driven in rotation by the crankshaft and, respectively, becomes freely rotatable with respect to this crankshaft. The servo controlled clutch is normally de energised and disengaged. The system further includes control devices for causing energisation and engagement of the servo controlled clutch and activation of the machine as a motor, whilst the internal combustion engine is not running, in order to restart the motor by means of the electric machine operating as a motor.
Abstract:
The system comprises control devices (CS) arranged to implement a stop-start function in which, during a stop stage, the internal combustion engine (1) is disconnected from the electric machine (4) and from the transmission system (2) and is switched off in first predetermined operating conditions of the vehicle (V) and then, in a subsequent start stage, is automatically restarted by an electric machine (4), operating as a motor, and is then reconnected to the transmission system (2).
Abstract:
The sensor device (S), in particular for use in a simulator dummy of an anthropomorphic type (M), includes a heat insulating support structure (1) with two measuring areas (1d; 1e) formed on the same side thereof, each having a measuring device (DA, DB) disposed thereon which includes an electric heater (2) and an electronic thermal flow sensor device (3) and an associated electric temperature sensor (4), arranged above the heater (2). The structure (1) also has an associated flow-speed sensor device (AS), preferably arranged in an intermediate area between the measuring devices (DA, DB), for supplying signals during operation indicating the speed of the air flow in the vicinity. The device (S) also includes an electronic acquisition and control unit (ACE) set to control operation of the heaters (2) according to predetermined instructions and/or to receive signals emitted by the aforesaid sensors (3, 4, AS).
Abstract translation:特别是用于拟人型(M)的模拟器假人的传感器装置(S)包括:隔热支撑结构(1),其具有形成在其同侧的两个测量区域(1d; 1e) 每个具有设置在其上的测量装置(D SUB,D B B),其包括电加热器(2)和电子热流量传感器装置(3)和相关联的电 温度传感器(4),布置在加热器(2)的上方。 结构(1)还具有相关联的流速传感器装置(AS),优选地布置在测量装置(D SUB A,D B B)之间的中间区域中, 用于在操作期间提供指示附近的空气流速度的信号。 设备(S)还包括电子获取和控制单元(ACE),其被设置为根据预定指令来控制加热器(2)的操作和/或接收由上述传感器(3,4,4A)发射的信号。
Abstract:
The injection system (1) includes a storage volume (6) of pressurized fuel supplied by a high-pressure pump (7) along a delivery pipe (8); and a control unit (16) for defining the required fuel pressure of the storage volume (6) as a function of the operating conditions of the engine (2). The regulating device includes a bypass solenoid valve (14); and a pair of non-return valves (32, 33) connected antiparallel and located between the bypass valve (14) and the storage volume (6). One of the non-return valves (32, 33) permits fuel drainage from the storage volume (6) to the bypass valve (14) when the control unit (16) defines a predetermined reduction (Δp) in the fuel pressure of the storage volume (6).
Abstract:
A multiple cylinder engine is described, provided with an electronically controlled hydraulic system for actuating the intake valves, in which intake valves and exhaust valves are controlled by a single camshaft.
Abstract:
A shape memory shutter device for controlling the rectum of a disabled person, comprising a section of conduit to be connected to the rectum of the disabled person, shutter means which control the passage through the conduit section and shape memory actuator means for actuating said shutter means. The shutter means comprise a plurality of petals positioned circumferentially around said conduit section and able to move between a closed and an open position. The actuator means preferably comprise shape memory wires, for example associated directly to the petals and means for supplying an electrical current through said wires to cause its opening. Preferably, sensors of the presence of material to be evacuated within the device are provided, to generate an alarm signal that can be detected by the patient. The patient can thus positively command the opening of the shutter device. In the case of a completely disabled patient, the opening of the shutter device can be obtained automatically as a result of the detection of material to be evacuated, in which case to the device is associated a disposable pouch for the collection of the evacuated material.