公开(公告)号：US08811544B2

公开(公告)日：2014-08-19

申请号：US13944010

申请日：2013-07-17

Applicant: Apple Inc.

Inventor： Jianglei Ma ,  Ming Jia ,  Wen Tong ,  Peiying Zhu ,  Hang Zhang ,  Mo-Han Fong

IPC: H04L27/06

CPC classification number: H04L5/0051 ,  H04L1/0003 ,  H04L1/0009 ,  H04L1/0618 ,  H04L5/0007 ,  H04L5/0023 ,  H04L5/0048 ,  H04L5/005 ,  H04L25/02 ,  H04L27/2602 ,  H04L27/2613 ,  H04L27/2647 ,  H04W52/325

Abstract: Aspects of the invention include methods and devices for inserting data and pilot symbols into Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) frames having a time domain and a frequency domain. A method involves inserting in at least one zone of a first type a two dimensional array of data and pilot symbols in time and frequency and inserting in at least one zone of a second type a two dimensional array of data and pilot symbols in time and frequency. In some implementations the zone of the first type comprises common pilot symbols that can be detected by all receivers receiving the OFDM frame. In some implementations the zone of the second type comprises dedicated pilot symbols that are only detectable by a receiver that is aware of pre-processing used to encode the dedicated pilot symbols.

Abstract translation: 本发明的方面包括用于将数据和导频符号插入具有时域和频域的正交频分复用（OFDM）帧的方法和装置。 一种方法包括在时间和频率上插入数据和导频符号的二维阵列的第一类型的至少一个区域，并在第二类型的至少一个区域中插入时间和频率的数据和导频符号的二维阵列 。 在一些实现中，第一类型的区域包括可由接收OFDM帧的所有接收机检测的公共导频符号。 在一些实施方式中，第二类型的区域包括专用导频符号，其仅可以被知道用于对专用导频符号进行编码的预处理的接收机检测。

公开(公告)号：US20140219387A1

公开(公告)日：2014-08-07

申请号：US14251629

申请日：2014-04-13

Applicant: APPLE INC.

Inventor： Jianglei Ma ,  Wen Tong ,  Ming Jia ,  Hua Xu ,  Peiying Zhu ,  Hang Zhang

IPC: H04L27/26

CPC classification number: H04L27/263 ,  H04L1/0003 ,  H04L1/0009 ,  H04L5/0007 ,  H04L5/0023 ,  H04L5/0044 ,  H04L5/0096 ,  H04L27/2613 ,  H04L27/2628 ,  H04L27/2634 ,  H04L27/2646

Abstract: Methods and systems are provided that enable an OFDM transmitter to be used for transmitting conventional OFDM or a form of transformed OFDM. A technique is provided for transforming a coded and modulated sequence of samples prior to an IFFT that enables the transformed sequence of samples to be transmitted using conventional OFDM or transformed OFDM. The selection of a transform function for transforming the coded and modulated sequence of samples may be based on optimizing the transform function for particular operating conditions between the transmitter and receiver. In some embodiments of the invention OFDM and time transformed OFDM are multiplexed in time and/or frequency in a transmission frame. In some embodiments of the invention a pilot pattern is provided in which the pilot are sent using OFDM and data is sent using OFDM and/or transformed OFDM.

Abstract translation: 提供了使OFDM发射机能够用于传输常规OFDM或变换OFDM形式的方法和系统。 提供了一种用于在IFFT之前变换样本的编码和调制序列的技术，其使得能够使用常规OFDM或变换OFDM来发送变换的样本序列。 用于变换样本的编码和调制序列的变换函数的选择可以基于优化发射机和接收机之间的特定操作条件的变换函数。 在本发明的一些实施例中，OFDM和时变OFDM在传输帧中以时间和/或频率被复用。 在本发明的一些实施例中，提供了导频模式，其中使用OFDM发送导频，并且使用OFDM和/或经变换的OFDM发送数据。

公开(公告)号：US20140079152A1

公开(公告)日：2014-03-20

申请号：US14088531

申请日：2013-11-25

Applicant: Apple Inc.

Inventor： Jianglei Ma ,  Ming Jia ,  Hua Xu ,  Wen Tong ,  Peiying Zhu ,  Dong-Sheng Yu ,  Hang Zhang

IPC: H04L27/26

CPC classification number: H04L27/2611 ,  H04B7/06 ,  H04B7/08 ,  H04L5/0007 ,  H04L5/0023 ,  H04L25/0226 ,  H04L25/0232 ,  H04L27/2626 ,  H04L27/2647

Abstract: A method and apparatus for improving channel estimation within an OFDM communication system. Channel estimation in OFDM is usually performed with the aid of pilot symbols. The pilot symbols are typically spaced in time and frequency. The set of frequencies and times at which pilot symbols are inserted is referred to as a pilot pattern. In some cases, the pilot pattern is a diagonal-shaped lattice, either regular or irregular. The method first interpolates in the direction of larger coherence (time or frequency). Using these measurements, the density of pilot symbols in the direction of faster change will be increased thereby improving channel estimation without increasing overhead. As such, the results of the first interpolating step can then be used to assist the interpolation in the dimension of smaller coherence (time or frequency).

公开(公告)号：US20140050144A1

公开(公告)日：2014-02-20

申请号：US13944365

申请日：2013-07-17

Applicant: Apple Inc.

Inventor： Jianglei Ma ,  Hang Zhang ,  Ming Jia ,  Wen Tong ,  Hua Zu ,  Peiying Zhu

IPC: H04W52/14 ,  H04L5/00

CPC classification number: H04L5/0039 ,  A61K9/2081 ,  A61K9/209 ,  A61K9/2886 ,  A61K9/5026 ,  A61K9/5073 ,  A61K9/5084 ,  A61K31/455 ,  A61K31/54 ,  A61K45/06 ,  H04B7/15542 ,  H04L5/0007 ,  H04L5/003 ,  H04L5/14 ,  H04L25/20 ,  H04W52/143 ,  H04W72/0453 ,  H04W84/047 ,  A61K2300/00

Abstract: International Mobile Telecommunications (IMT) Advanced technology, also known as 4th Generation (4G) targets to support up to 100 MHz BW. LTE currently supports single carrier bandwidths of up to 20 MHz. The present application describes a multi-carrier approach in which some embodiments of the invention provide a simple solution of aggregating multiple single carrier bandwidths to obtain a wider bandwidth (>20 MHz). Such an approach may extend Long Term Evolution (LTE) bandwidth to greater than that provided by a single carrier, yet maintain full backward compatibility with technologies that predate 4G technology and utilize smaller, single carrier bandwidths. More generally, embodiments of the invention can apply to other communication standards than only LTE.

Abstract translation: 国际移动电信（IMT）先进技术，也被称为第四代（4G）目标，以支持高达100 MHz的BW。 LTE目前支持高达20 MHz的单载波带宽。 本申请描述了多载波方法，其中本发明的一些实施例提供聚合多个单载波带宽以获得更宽带宽（> 20MHz）的简单解决方案。 这种方法可以将长期演进（LTE）带宽扩展到大于由单个载波提供的带宽，但仍然保持与早于4G技术并利用更小的单载波带宽的技术的完全向后兼容性。 更一般地，本发明的实施例可以应用于仅比LTE的其他通信标准。

公开(公告)号：US08619891B2

公开(公告)日：2013-12-31

申请号：US13666542

申请日：2012-11-01

Applicant: Apple Inc.

Inventor： Jianglei Ma ,  Ming Jia ,  Hua Xu ,  Wen Tong ,  Peiying Zhu ,  Dong-Sheng Yu ,  Hang Zhang

IPC: H04K1/10

CPC classification number: H04L27/2611 ,  H04B7/06 ,  H04B7/08 ,  H04L5/0007 ,  H04L5/0023 ,  H04L25/0226 ,  H04L25/0232 ,  H04L27/2626 ,  H04L27/2647

Abstract: A method and apparatus for improving channel estimation within an OFDM communication system. Channel estimation in OFDM is usually performed with the aid of pilot symbols. The pilot symbols are typically spaced in time and frequency. The set of frequencies and times at which pilot symbols are inserted is referred to as a pilot pattern. In some cases, the pilot pattern is a diagonal-shaped lattice, either regular or irregular. The method first interpolates in the direction of larger coherence (time or frequency). Using these measurements, the density of pilot symbols in the direction of faster change will be increased thereby improving channel estimation without increasing overhead. As such, the results of the first interpolating step can then be used to assist the interpolation in the dimension of smaller coherence (time or frequency).

Abstract translation: 一种用于改善OFDM通信系统内的信道估计的方法和装置。 OFDM中的信道估计通常借助于导频符号来执行。 导频符号通常在时间和频率上间隔开。 将导频符号插入的频率和时间的集合称为导频模式。 在一些情况下，导频图案是对角线形格子，规则的或不规则的。 该方法首先在较大相干性（时间或频率）的方向内插。 使用这些测量，导频符号在更快变化方向上的密度将增加，从而改善信道估计而不增加开销。 因此，第一内插步骤的结果然后可以用于辅助尺寸较小的相干性（时间或频率）的内插。

公开(公告)号：US20130301685A1

公开(公告)日：2013-11-14

申请号：US13944065

申请日：2013-07-17

Applicant: Apple Inc.

Inventor： Jianglei Ma ,  Ming Jia ,  Wen Tong ,  Peiying Zhu ,  Hua Xu ,  Hang Zhang ,  Mo-Han Fong

IPC: H04B1/707

CPC classification number: H04J13/0003 ,  H04B1/707 ,  H04B7/0404 ,  H04B7/0678 ,  H04J13/00 ,  H04J13/16 ,  H04L5/0016 ,  H04L5/0026 ,  H04L5/0048 ,  H04L5/005 ,  H04L25/0204 ,  H04L25/0226 ,  H04L25/0232 ,  H04L25/03866 ,  H04L27/2613 ,  H04L27/2627 ,  H04W72/044

Abstract: In some embodiments of the invention, OFDM symbols are transmitted as a plurality of clusters. A cluster includes a plurality of OFDM sub-carriers in frequency, over a plurality of OFDM symbol durations in time. Each cluster includes data as well as pilot information as a reference signal for channel estimation. In some embodiments, a plurality of clusters collectively occupy the available sub-carrier set in the frequency domain that is used for transmission. In some embodiments of the invention data and/or pilots are spread within each cluster using code division multiplexing (CDM). In some embodiments pilots and data are separated by distributing data on a particular number of the plurality of OFDM symbol durations and pilots on a remainder of the OFDM symbol durations. CDM spreading can be performed in time and/or frequency directions.

公开(公告)号：US20130287138A1

公开(公告)日：2013-10-31

申请号：US13855296

申请日：2013-04-02

Applicant: Apple Inc.

Inventor： Jianglei Ma ,  Ming Jia ,  Wen Tong ,  Peiying Zhu ,  Claude Royer

IPC: H04B7/06

CPC classification number: H04L27/261 ,  H04B7/06 ,  H04B7/0615 ,  H04B7/0684 ,  H04L5/0026 ,  H04L5/0048 ,  H04L25/0204 ,  H04L25/0226 ,  H04L25/0234

Abstract: Pilot, preamble and midamble patterns are provided that are particularly suited for four transmit antenna OFDM systems. Pilots are inserted in a scattered manner for each of the four antennas, either uncoded, space-time coded in pairs, space-time frequency coded in pairs, or space-time-frequency coded.

公开(公告)号：US20130136205A1

公开(公告)日：2013-05-30

申请号：US13666542

申请日：2012-11-01

Applicant: Apple Inc.

Inventor： Jianglei Ma ,  Ming Jia ,  Hua Xu ,  Wen Tong ,  Peiying Zhu ,  Dong-Sheng Yu ,  Hang Zhang

IPC: H04L27/26

CPC classification number: H04L27/2611 ,  H04B7/06 ,  H04B7/08 ,  H04L5/0007 ,  H04L5/0023 ,  H04L25/0226 ,  H04L25/0232 ,  H04L27/2626 ,  H04L27/2647

Abstract: A method and apparatus for improving channel estimation within an OFDM communication system. Channel estimation in OFDM is usually performed with the aid of pilot symbols. The pilot symbols are typically spaced in time and frequency. The set of frequencies and times at which pilot symbols are inserted is referred to as a pilot pattern. In some cases, the pilot pattern is a diagonal-shaped lattice, either regular or irregular. The method first interpolates in the direction of larger coherence (time or frequency). Using these measurements, the density of pilot symbols in the direction of faster change will be increased thereby improving channel estimation without increasing overhead. As such, the results of the first interpolating step can then be used to assist the interpolation in the dimension of smaller coherence (time or frequency).

公开(公告)号：US20130128997A1

公开(公告)日：2013-05-23

申请号：US13665982

申请日：2012-11-01

Applicant: Apple Inc.

Inventor： Jianglei Ma ,  Ming Jia ,  Hua Xu ,  Wen Tong ,  Peiying Zhu ,  Dong-Sheng Yu ,  Hang Zhang

IPC: H04L5/00

CPC classification number: H04L27/2611 ,  H04B7/06 ,  H04B7/08 ,  H04L5/0007 ,  H04L5/0023 ,  H04L25/0226 ,  H04L25/0232 ,  H04L27/2626 ,  H04L27/2647

Abstract: A method and apparatus for improving channel estimation within an OFDM communication system. Channel estimation in OFDM is usually performed with the aid of pilot symbols. The pilot symbols are typically spaced in time and frequency. The set of frequencies and times at which pilot symbols are inserted is referred to as a pilot pattern. In some cases, the pilot pattern is a diagonal-shaped lattice, either regular or irregular. The method first interpolates in the direction of larger coherence (time or frequency). Using these measurements, the density of pilot symbols in the direction of faster change will be increased thereby improving channel estimation without increasing overhead. As such, the results of the first interpolating step can then be used to assist the interpolation in the dimension of smaller coherence (time or frequency).

Abstract translation: 一种用于改善OFDM通信系统内的信道估计的方法和装置。 OFDM中的信道估计通常借助于导频符号来执行。 导频符号通常在时间和频率上间隔开。 将导频符号插入的频率和时间的集合称为导频模式。 在一些情况下，导频图案是对角线形格子，规则的或不规则的。 该方法首先在较大相干性（时间或频率）的方向内插。 使用这些测量，导频符号在更快变化方向上的密度将增加，从而改善信道估计而不增加开销。 因此，第一内插步骤的结果然后可以用于辅助尺寸较小的相干性（时间或频率）的内插。

公开(公告)号：US20130122948A1

公开(公告)日：2013-05-16

申请号：US13735360

申请日：2013-01-07

Applicant: APPLE INC.

Inventor： Ming Jia ,  Jianglei Ma ,  Jianming Wu ,  Peiying Zhu ,  Wen Tong

IPC: H04W72/08

CPC classification number: H04W72/082 ,  H04B7/0417 ,  H04B7/0443 ,  H04B7/0452 ,  H04B7/0632 ,  H04W72/1231

Abstract: A wireless communication method and system using virtual MIMO (“V-MIMO”) are provided. Post processing signal to interference and noise ratios (“SINR”) for a plurality of signals corresponding to a plurality of mobile terminals arranged as a V-MIMO group are estimated. The one of the plurality of mobile terminals having the highest post processing SINR is selected. Wireless communication for the selected mobile terminal is scheduled. The signal corresponding to the selected mobile terminal is cancelled. Post processing signal to interference and noise ratios (“SINR”) for the signals corresponding to the remaining mobile terminals is re-estimated. The one of the remaining mobile terminals having the highest post processing SINR is selected. Wireless communication for the selected remaining mobile terminal is scheduled.

Abstract translation: 提供了一种使用虚拟MIMO（“V-MIMO”）的无线通信方法和系统。 估计与排列为V-MIMO组的多个移动终端对应的多个信号的后处理信号与干扰和噪声比（“SINR”）。 选择具有最高后处理SINR的多个移动终端中的一个。 安排所选移动终端的无线通信。 对应于所选移动终端的信号被取消。 重新估计对应于其余移动终端的信号的后处理信号与干扰和噪声比（“SINR”）。 选择具有最高后处理SINR的剩余移动终端中的一个。 调度所选择的剩余移动终端的无线通信。